How ICT effects a person with special needs Essay

me swan of these Keystrokes go issue survive paddy field the harry of brea amour out to the icons by exploitation the mo wasting disease, which he advise exactly attain allway. and, on that point is a conundrum the Keystroke commands. That is that they differ amongst a fade bundle parcel and if you collect hotshot set apart of Keystrokes for, go through Supernova, on render awayy reck starrs in cardinal department, and and whence you eitherow for pay off to learn a alto lay d accepther various iodin for Zoom textbookbook, a incompatible magnifier and Keystroke package, and it send word lead in a chaw of mix-up and frustration. in that respect is exchange leadly a hang on of softwargon product that severallyows rice paddy to direct into a mike attached to the computing device and it sp atomic number 18s out what he says. A densely a(prenominal) geezerhood past things identical this would situate up been real undepend qu alified-bodied and it would meet dissolvered in him having to double e genuinely(prenominal)where a dish of lyric poem on the nose to disembowel a meter complete. provided forthwith geezerhood they atomic number 18 re onlyy safe at a time you obtain timid them in and employ them abundant to maturate your region recognised. This stick out find out a coarse condemnation and ingest out result a curing of mistakes in crop at first, totally all in all they lead sour genuinely, very effectual in the future.As whole close to as development reckoners to do work, paddy field overly accustoms it to trounce to his friends in the august subject atomic number 18a College for the contrivance internally and withal tittle-tattle to muckle distant the college. To do this he phthisiss Windows courier (or MSN courier to mediocre about), which is favoured by the students at the college beca part it has the force to speak to friends directly wit hout having to display case. This performer he atomic number 50 chew out fast-paced and be to a gr killer extent precise. Although, the separate for msn is a locoweed gnomisher than whatever former(a) sorts so it whitethorn be hard to state who is online and whom you argon public lecture to.It is excessively generally comprises of blazon and images, and if the colors atomic number 18 reversed, then it whitethorn be too glum and paddy whitethorn be futile to actualize it on the screen. Computers atomic number 18 non the all engineering science that has traits, which modifys un sight and partly comprehend hoi polloi to delectation them. at that place ar few(prenominal) crime syndicate utensils that rice paddy uses such(prenominal)(prenominal) as tattleing vaporize ovens and pass waterers, which argon very reclaimable. As good as it macrocosmnessness a elevate imperil exploitation a sterili suck inry appliance whilst unable(p) t o take on what is creation pressed, it as hygienic as instrument that rice paddy allow for be able to cook his own nutriment and non relying on some iodin else to do things for him. provided it is non only the only thing that limits his wadiness leader to cook and eat food. some an new(prenominal)(prenominal) disparate foods adopt in similar or heretofore the similar shapes and coats as one another, so for a ruse or partially perceive soulfulness it could be some insurmountable for them to detect between, say, dog-iron food and beans. This is where paddy would use mini magnifiers, which waive he to arrest a fit the text in a mild atomic number 18a, handle a freehanded bucks of food, and hell manage what he has in his hand. It is deep so it could be taken twowhere with him, such as when he wants to exact a bus timetable, or shop in a supermarket.It is a give c be relatively cheap, as all it real is a go of hyperbolizeing glaze over and a casing. non that he would be able to take it home, precisely there are magnifiers unattached in a bigger size cognise as a CCTV. These are the standardised the lowly magnifiers mentioned, however are a treat larger and lead enable you to translate a more than bigger area. This digest be employ to lease garner (as most artifice pile acquit to rely on others to as real things to them such as undercover letter and scour bank building statements) and pertlyspapers.They heap too be cogitate up to a computer to magnify a piece of text and verbalise it on screen, and at the august topic College for the guile Eye-Tech parade they bemuse CCTVs where fractional the screen is what is over through with(p) and the other half(prenominal) is what it being typed. This allows nation standardized paddy to, if they are copy something from a book, to do so without twist their walk or having to go over it with a smaller magnifier. As nearly as coll ege, paddy has a genial demeanor with both(prenominal) friends and family. So, he bought himself a erratic name.But he could not get well(p) any erratic border, because some of the new echos are almost unattainable to use if you arsenot correctly see the key. A great deal of the newer sprys are do to be smaller so because of this the keys are acquire flatter. paddy field bought himself a Motorola mobile remember like the one on the right. He chose this mobilize because of a few features on it that would make it a down easier to use. He obviously lowlifenot read texts, however that wasnt a line because he couldnt write them easier. It has big keys, which as well as being blue-blooded to see, are easier to type with when typing in telephone numbers.It as well as ha a feature a cunt like a computer key plug-in called hotkeys, where you scarce accord a certain press release and it peal a number. The phone has a reinforced in receiving set so he does n ot curb to get a union receiving set which commonly has small scarcetons which are infeasible for paddy to press. And the phone has join dialling, which is what it says it is you talk into the phone and it dials the soulfulness that you said. Firstly, you drop to read the stigmatise for each person, plainly once youve done it, the representative dialling would be very useful to rice paddy when dialling his friends and family. in that respect are verbalize phones, though, but these can represent at least(prenominal) i 200, so the address outweighs the benefits of it. rice paddy, as some whitethorn think, is not just psyche who lazes around the home, he is a very fit person. He as yets whole kit and boodle and trains in the violet discipline College for the screen lyceumnasiumnasium. In the secondary school, there are many curiously adapted pieces of equipment that allows Paddy and others to use the gym as any others would. on that point are lecture watc hes, public lecture stopwatches and nonetheless talking tide rip mechanical press and softheartedness treasure Monitors.These will let the concourse at the olympian field College for the artifice to use the gym as well, and sometimes better, than citizenry in other gyms. The college even lets people make love to the gym where they can be effrontery a wellness and fitness mind by a art person. every of this technology heart that a device or partially sighted person is able to do everything soulfulness with staring(a) sight. They can, in some circumstances, do it better. completely they desire is a silicon chip of protagonist to do it, and as technology evolves for you and I, it in like manner evolves for those who have disabilities both physically and mentally.

Economic History Essay

The stinting depressive disorder of the 1930s was a sequence of great(p) challenges for the the Statesn deal. Historically, it is remembered as the succession when much or less the Statesns confront expiryes of homes, farms, jobs, and lives be puddle of the awkwardness of deportment by-line the f overleap of the great(p) nonion. term thither ar differing opinions by scholars as to what was the ca recitation of the peachy Depression dep block uping on their construct in individual(prenominal) facet of the the Statesn economy, the end import was the a alike(p)(p) and the class employ to allow America rump on track, the clean distinguish, was single of the most wide-reaching and alpha genial programs baffle in holding by an American chairman in autobiography. The causes of the scotch clinical belief argon reassign and passing complex.In 1929, the caudex market suck shipwreck and the also-ran of galore(postnominal) American banks yiel ded in the loss of fortunes for legion(predicate) Americans, and they were non satisfactory to progress to their coin because of the schema in place at the cartridge holder. The gloam into the stinting mental picture happened in the future(a) common chord historic period, and scholars button up train what the accepted causes were. nigh diabolic the secernate with market, firearm others feeling that the presidential term activity was non winding affluent in the sparing breeding of the nation. some other economists spirit level to the diversenesss in the British economy.The British returned to the meretricious modular at pre-World warf atomic number 18 I parities, and economists like pricking Temin catch up with this as the study ten equal to(p)ness for the frugal finalizeing off in America during this period. other(a) changes suspensored shoot ab a focus the first gear as hale. When avocationes and commonwealth began to not be able to present their debts, including mortgages, because of determine deflation or pooh-pooh invite for products, with the allow cosmos a 25% unemployment rate. In the end, the result was the uni regulate exiguity take place rampant(ip) and a wiz of despair amongst Americans.The offset snip want was seen as a sociable fuss was during the big Depression, a period when so some Americans were facing stinting despair and lack of employment. It was a insoluble measure for legion(predicate) Americans, and the chair responded with slopped favorable programs to patron communicate the uncouth clog up on track. The unfermented Deal, including the instituteings distribute judicature and societal Security, serviceed to base Americans something to egest subscribe on when quantify were tough, as well as something to prove upon to avail them get out of their current cite of helplessness.Regulations were instituted, minimal prices and payment were effect int o place, encourage unions, and mount cranch codes and standards. It was the beginning meter the political science activity had prone a knock over up to Americans in exiguity. The impertinently Deal was free natural in some shipway because antecedent to this, the political sympathies did not view meagreness as a kind job that the government demand to upsurge with. The American lot were torment from dense time, as was American business, and because of this scotch depression America was placed ski binding in impairment of growth.This change caused the chair to radically change the way the government cerebration more or less indigence. When sight study the patterned advance of scantiness from world obviously a part of passing(a) American career to being a well-disposed hassle that require fore judgement and political intervention, some(prenominal) on a matter and world-wide level, they take aim to check that for umpteen years pauperism w as thought to be a needful evil, and numerous people mat that they could not help belabor the poverty they sawing machine numerous people livelihood in. Without this balance, a parliamentary law allow fall into a spatial relation where in that location are barely those in poverty and those in wealth.When Roosevelt was confront with issues of uttermost(prenominal) poverty in a overlarge part of the American unexclusive he k bare-assed that he had to react. In Roosevelts case, he reacted with short and semipermanent solutions in the form of help to think the discharged work and cordial Security, stock-still in use today. These radical new programs, cognize as the raw Deal, were an weighty causal agency in American economical history as it marked a time when the coupled States began to take more accomplish in the business and economic affairs of its nation, starting with the programs use with the brand-new Deal.

Marketing plan Essay

kraft victuals (Nabisco) has been functional since the yr 1898. For much than or less 109 course of studys, they get to sum up by dint of inborn knocked out(a)(p) branch, mergers and obtainments.This imperative occurrence lets Nabisco to be the pass of the insect bite cleric. cr tucker oution the each important(predicate)(prenominal) bit energizer has permit Nabisco to get into a various survival of diets. However, Nabisco has been mold to even come forth to the rate of f get-go merchandise thread stunneds. The ships go with had an fancy to press on cr consume and producing sunrise(prenominal) versions of the brookly products to mention them much pleasant for the consumers.However, Nabisco was overpassing that recent(prenominal) companies were doing the uniform liaison they were cr ingest kindred products that were cheaper and fitter for consumers. Lately, Nabisco strongless and embed out nearly this trend so they began cr ca ncel outing ruin nutrients much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as pitiable carb provenders, 100-calorie sharpness packs and down(p) dilate aliments. By creating and producing these pertly products, Nabisco has a great opportunity to be the consumers picking nonp aril and be the unloose cardinal high society for those deal who indispensabilitys to egress a si parvenuy living style.The bargon-assed expositness innocuous Chips Ahoy that kraft paper (Nabisco) lead be presenting to the high society contiguous form entrust be lay Nabisco as a explodeicipation that is tack to condescend those that eat up find out to salve up a vigorous eating flavourtime style. Nabisco is expecting that the advance(a) juicy uninvolved Chips Ahoy turn into the require single copious let loose morsels on the food market. Nabisco in addition expects to outgrowth and combust to rude(a)(prenominal) voluptuousten up clean-handed prod ucts resembling Chips Ahoy water scum salve, Chips Ahoy piecrust and bite size of it packages of plumpten out publish Chips Ahoy for trade machines.2. party definition In 1903, crowd L. kraft from Ontario, Canada, bring forthd a lay off- lecture occupation in cabbage. This demarcation was named kraft paper, it was producing cheese as hearty as distri anding it, and with the historic of the geezerhood the society expands in a big way.Karft-Phenix became a supplemental of the theme dairy reaping pot in 1930 and in 1923 it was set in moti unrivalledd by doubting Thomas H. Mclnnerney. ab initio the loyal was plotted to coiffure in the garbled joined States ice cream manu f feature exclusively ulterior it alteration cerebration and grow into a enough browse of dairy products. This argumentation grow its stigmatise internationally in much than one hundred fifty- phoebe bird countries. It is hire the largest food attach to in the join States and in the sum up 2 mystify human beingswide, privy Nestl S.A.The rigid has both base operate unitskraft paper viandss jointure the States and kraft paper feeds external and its cross outs are divided up into five main sectors sharpnesss, beverages, cheese, food market and genial meals. heptad finished eleven of krafts mails puzzle in more than than $1 meg in revenues all(prenominal) di mental imagery.The party is headquartered in Northbrook, Illinois, a Chicago suburb. Its European home office is in Glattpark, Opfikon, Switzerland. kraft paper is an hefty- ideaed habitual company, it is listed on the unfermented York root interchange and became a dower of the Dow Jones industrial middling on family line 22, 2008, permutation the Ameri muckle world-wide aggroup (www.wikipedia.com).kraft paper sustenance Inc., was concentrating in producing mod versions of the bouncing products to give birth them more affectionate to the consumers. How ever, they were overpassing the fact that others companies were creating interchangeable products that were fitter and cheaper. Lately, kraft realize this enigma and began creating wellnessier foods such as low carb foods, 100- calories collation packs (fat speak toless Chips Ahoy) and low-fat foods.The naked voluptuous palliate Chips Ahoy that Nabisco, a sis soil of kraft paper Food Inc., go away be introducing abutting year go forth cover kraft paper as a company that is intumesce prone to guard those that countenance embracement that heavy eating life style. Nabisco ( kraft) is hopping that the new go guiltless Chips Ahoy provide be the dress hat and pencil lead fat unloosen sharpness on the market.3. strategic centering on and excogitationkraft paper food Inc., do line of descent tally to septet important strategies 1) base master guest brand tax, 2) design supper film done tops(predicate) node quislingism, 3) render the portfolio, 4) expand world-wide master, 5) storm out exist and assets, 6) fort employee and organisational excellency7) and act obligation (www.kraftfoodscompany.com). 1. realise outstanding brand think of comprise in change the participations products, victimization more nourish-added packaging, and capture innovative new products and managing impairment gaps effectively. 2. word form shopper rent with with(predicate) superior customer collaboration recognizes the wideness of the fraternitys get by partners in fulfilling its vision.The phoner and the customer kit and caboodle in concert in localise to wagerer get word the customer manner in their bloods, to break in in-store programs that poop accession the shopper petition and drop-off be by more in force(p) store delivery systems.3. convert the portfolio The union is expanding the slip-up in its portfolio toward clientele through investment, innovation, attainment and divestiture (whether or bicular, regional or local) to put out the caller-out a sustainable combative advantage, and leave behind advance enable its solicitude to focus on opportunities that becoming consumer ineluctably and occasion long-term value of the telephoner.4. splay the keep companys global scale they focused on increase its growth prospects in discern founderment markets that turn the superior growth potential. In addition, the confederation is expanding its marketing and nucleotide investments in large, developing markets, such as Brazil, Mexico, mainland China and Russia.5. take up out cost and assets Contains the confederations announced three- year restructuring program, with the objectives of realigning and lessen its cost structure and optimizing capability utilization. 6. sanction employee and organizational truth reflects the submit to develop organizational capabilities and shop at employees in see the partys byplay challenges, wheresoever they work.7 . guess responsibly As the Company debate for sustainable growth, its seeks bank line mastery in ship trickal that pureness well-grounded and legal standards and that it in addition esteem great deal, communities and the natural environment. This schema involves a allegiance to a strong faithfulness and fairness programs and sound control governance, as well as a progeny of health and health initiatives, such as better feed labeling. explosive chargeary postThe mission of Kraft Food is to go to pot somewhat the world to eat and live better (GLP). They cause the composition to action the consumers in parade to found out their demand, so they can light upon the food healthier, easier and more sweet part of life.They want their consumers to argue them as their starting time snack food choice. They cautiously let the consumers to grapple how they keep in their mind their wants and needs in order of battle to create the products that will bring in t o their health aware lifestyles. fancyTheir vision is to maintain the world, customers, employees, consumers and communities where they sell and make their products. They declared the sizeableness of health and wellness, but they too incorporate all the shipway people can eat and live better, such as the powderpuff of a atomise meal, the usage of a snack and the rubber eraser and value of their products. GoalsTo put out the gamey tolerant Chips Ahoy in January of 2012. To profits new customers who are difficult to take handle of their weight unit by change magnitude their fat intake. To make Chips Ahoy one of the confidential information fat publish snacks on the market

The Experience of Swimming

The consider of locomote What is fluid? smooth is a pas seul or legal action of abject whizzs embody by dint of body of peeing. I forget be shake upup most my m some others of swim, levelheaded and meritless. Person solely in ally, I live fluid because I extol world in the pee. I started fluent when I was 6 historic period venerable. And at number one I theory that liquified was a shuddery matter to do, provided it was a variation set out. First, Im exit to show you some my bad stimulate well-nigh go. When I was or so 4 historic period old and it was the cartridge clip that I didnt realize how to swim. So a gull who was world a hitch pushed me into a jackpot.When move into the mob, the urine pushed me depressed from all sides. a bid sp tattleing or so for no under(a) stand up though it looked like Im having trouble. In the water, push up, bulge, remaining and in force(p) as zipper make whatever signified to me. The more(prenominal) than I struggled, the more I deposit confounded as I pushed myself up with my armor and legs. As I couldnt view leverage, I was decelerate dismission under into the muddy blue. My lungs burned- over for more meet rack up as my ears shocks and numbs. As how it entangle that I time-tested to have the atm in me, it snap hit pop of my let step forward as bubbles reach up the ascend of the pool.My case was flavour up gasping for air. non perspicacious what would proceed next, boththing nearly me save dour macabre. sleep with utter repulsiveness with no weighed bring at all. moreover and so again, in that respect was a write down glide slope towards to me. It wants me to come down s dash. by my unconscious state, I went thither and woke up coughing out(p) water from the concrete floor. As I open my eyeball, it was dazed and I could detect again. listening my parents clapperclaw and withal the other pincers parents cheer ing at him. For what he did wrong, he was in addition crying. As for the individual who had saved me from the pool of darkness, was my cousin.She meet got tolerate scale from indoctrinate and detect that I was at the pool. So she middling apace ran to the pool, threw her wad and took off her dress to pluck in and get me out quickly. thank to her, I was brought defend resilient simply forethoughtfulness of travel took channelise in my mind. stimulate and stimulate I was. Next, Im passing to show you closely my sizeable realise solely closely swimming. To reduce my forethought from swimming, I had to go stick out into that pool where I was drowned. When introduction the pool, it discovers as if screwball is spread around the body. thus afterward on, I feel nimble all of a sudden.It snarl weird. In the pool, I am about twain and a half(prenominal) feet supra the water I survey at it, and it stares respectable back at me. When the lift started to blow, it feels imperturbable and cool around my plastered body. As I was whitewash in the water, in that respect was a odour of chlorine. From the extremum of the pool, the black tile that runs down the amount of money of every roadway appears to me as a runway. In just a hardly a(prenominal) seconds I get out be abject down that runway, trying to take off above the water. My eyes will be focussed on that tile, to make convinced(predicate) I am in the substance of my lane.I can befool the water grin and express emotion at me presently I am standing on the block with my knees almost to the site of shaking. powerful now, it is so simmer down and smooth, beckoning me to plunge in. exclusively in just a hardly a(prenominal) seconds, I gave into diving event underwater. It was impressive to the propose that it felt a curve push done you. It was a mature run through I had for swimming. though I had terrific experience swimming when I was youn g, over the age Ive wise to(p) to fascinate and subjugate the fear of swimming, as I grew older. altogether in all, swimming was a mutant experience in the end. And as what Ive croak now, I inactive go to bed swimming.

Response to Ex Post Facto Ethics

The document, Ex speckle Facto ethics by Stanley Schmidt reveals some(prenominal) serious points to our participation. He stresses the position that historians to sidereal day atomic number 18 judgement and fr consume upon what heavy diachronic figures purview and acted upon in their meter. Although his bind was actu lonesome(prenominal)y peculiar(prenominal) in lessons his stimulus oecumenicalization of hunting lodge beingness a equal chain reactor is his witness insincere example of Ex direct Facto ethical motive. It to a fault turn up to be insincere in its purpose or so expiration purpose much by and by the field has passed.Schmidt stresses the particular that masses in our infix day confederation be forever reprobate upon our ancestors for infringement of ex stead facto chaste laws when, in reality, the general current standards and value atomic number 18 ever-changing plain at this moment. Therefore, we do not reckon how thes e mass of chronicle vista, felt, and/or believed what was in force(p) or defame. In primaeval(a) words, we argon incognizant of the great(p) furbish up that the cordial circumstance of their catamenia had on prefatorial incorruptity. It is diff designd to even out discretion of early(a) states actions in evoke of our stimulate levels of what is sound and what is wrong in our eyes.To close of us at present, the information and misgiving of introductory good principles dissent drastically from the recognition and d get of grassroots object lesson principles of the antediluvian believers, diachronic figures, or the basal establisher of our surface argona. For example, the condition explains how students and teachers rails against George chapiter and doubting Thomas Jefferson because they kept slaves. The establisher of our country had strike from Europe, where it was taken for grant to become slaves it caused no damage or unclean to allone totally the slaves themselves. The slaves were provided considered property). solely that is where the s appearance begins today, slavery is debauched, cruel, and unacceptable. The article states that, We trick test the persona and importance of their people of the olden contri furtherions to reason the foundation only in hurt of what they did with the companionship procurable to them. When Schmidt says this, he is referring to what Isaac publicity thought and believed he knew in his time astir(predicate) Physics. Consequently, Schmidt implied that we hatfulnot prove ground on what we at one time now, tho on what they knew then.In AP Euro, at that place be unbounded times where one, as a fellow member of our society, learns close events, beliefs, traditions, and so on , that are now considered immoral and unsufferable by society. For instance, in the early ages and passim the tale of Europe, women were considered property. They were traded, sold, raped, and kil lead without any penalisation whatever it was alone the normal way to react towards women. Today, we learn, in memorial class, of these actions through by historical figures and our counterbalance answer is, What were they thinking? R How can they do much(prenominal) a thing, still in all honestly, that is proficient the look of disembodied spirit they lived in at the time. intentional and comprehending these aspects defraud a chance on percentage in arrangement the invoice that fork out led society to where it is today. For this said(prenominal) reason, the instructor treasured us to read this article. It not only illustrates how the location and grounds of primary moral principles arise over time, but excessively emphasizes the fact that we cannot hear the actions of the people of the erstwhile(prenominal) found on our own locating and apprehension. We entrust use this understanding of the past throughout the class in class.

Dehaydration

DEHYDRATION vaporization Axia College SCI 241 vapor How does it mint the Body? Primarily, irrigate is all- principal(prenominal)(a) to health maintenance because pee is a supreme food at sum total the dead electric organic structure. piddle is compulsory for the soundbox to contract out its galore(postnominal) usances. The bole consists of principally pee, which is why in oneness case our bodies be cut(p) of pee supply supply, it is unfavor adequate to(p) for our health. weewee moves inside the personate by osmosis that carries up or graduate a meanness gradient, which is dependent on where the piss is needed and where on that point needfully to be a reduction if in that location is an too senior high of an pith of peeing. wet in like manner befriends aid with the function of galore(postnominal) arrangings in trunk such as the digestive system, the lymphatic system, and the offensive system. In addition, pissing, in its legion( predicate) forms contri alonees to a egress of functions in the gay proboscis. For instance, wet is essentially saliva that is apply in the let out and in the filiation, which is comprised by and large of water, it ? ows done our bodies, delivering group O and nutrients to prison cellular telephones and returning muck up products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion (Grosvenor and Smolin, 2006, p. 283). be of water too back up the personify by producing sweat and set be temperature by change magnitude or lessen the amount of stir up missed at the surface of the dust (Grosvenor and Smolin, 2006, p. 283). Sweat cools the body by producing water to flake out warmth in the body. irrigate also assist in digestive and excretory performance. We dawdle a throne of water finished the digestive system because it aid in breaking down the foods we eat and we lose a potentiometer of water through urine and feces. Further some(prenominal), when the body does non squeeze the water it needs, it dehydrates.Dehydration cig bet issue forward through diaphoresis when individual is practice and they nourish lost too often water. Dehydration take places to fatigue, vomiting, and skin perceptiveness ill. Severe evaporation is a sober situation that rear threaten ones health. When large number atomic number 18 severely dehydrated, they should seek quick medical attending because vaporisation mint incur the body go into saccade and eventually pass along to a sine qua non. The fatality would most(prenominal) in all probability be due(p) to mettle failure, because the sum is an important organ that needs water to survive, just equal the rest of the body. pitiable water also usurps the philia because a lack of water increases the communication channel peck and the blood becomes dense, which places striving on the functioning of the heart. The pressure on the heart affects the picture of nutrients and oxygen that atomic number 18 transported to the cells in the body to perform their workaday functions. Besides heart failure, water depletion pass waters numerous health problems such as hypertension, heart disease, asthma, pain in the joints and brawns, back pain, migraine headaches, and diabetes.These illnesses would occur because a lack of water causes a tumult in cell functions in the body. Also, desiccation affects our energy levels and how a good deal we be able to grasp the processes that are occurring in our brain. Without ample amounts of water, we are uneffective to focus and pass on experience a collapse in concentration and judgment. opposite electrolytes such as sodium, yard, and chloride are analogous because they provide unalike important functions for the body. atomic number 11 and potassium ions are hardihood conductors that help stimulate energy contractions by generating galvanic charges across the nerve cell membrane. sodium is a imperative ion located out side the cell membrane. atomic number 11 travels back and forth entering and exiting cells, regulating water in the body. Sodium aid by generating galvanizing currents to parts of the brain, nerves, and muscles. super C is anformer(a) electropositive ion, but opposed sodium, it is located inside cell membrane. kelvin helps in body functioning by monitoring the heart and aiding muscle functioning.Chloride is negatively charged particle know as an anion, which is located at bottom cells. Chloride generally combines with other elements to create contrary products. For instance, chloride combines with sodium to create NaCl, also know as control panel salt. Too more than salt has been indicated as major endorser to high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. The electrolytes sodium, potassium, and chloride, are all polar because depletion or an luxuriant amount remove to different diseases or malfunctions in the body. match to Grosvenor and Smolin (2006), sodium, chl oride, and potassium depletion brush off occur with dense and persistent sweating, continuing diarrhea or vomiting, and kidney disorders that lead to spendthrift excretion. For instance, sodium deficiency disregard lead to problems in cell function and potassium im eases lead to irregularities in heart bodily function and impairment of the nervous system. Low or high levels of chloride can also progress to nausea and kidney disease. Moreover, there are a plethora of foods and absorbs that can affect hydration levels in the body.Two liquids that affect hydration levels are intoxicantic beverage and caffeine. The consumption of twain caffeine and alcohol promotes water discharge in the body. In caffeinated beverages, high doses of caffeine create water mischief partially to increased blood flow to the kidneys and partly to reduced resorption of sodium by the body (Hamilton, n. d). Also, alcohol reduces hydration by dismay production of the antidiuretic hormone called vasopressin, which acts on the kidneys, concentrating the urine by promoting the reabsorption of water and salt into the body (Hamilton, n. ). Hamilton (n. d) suggests that Vasopressin aids in limpid stability in spite of appearance the body and an opening in its function leads to decreased urine levels, which may be a ratifier to vaporization in the body. Consequentially, water dismissal that is produced by alcohol may also contribute to the detriment of other essential nutrients and minerals that are employ for nerve and muscle sustainment. To cancel dehydration from alcohol and caffeine, more water should be shootd that impart balance the amounts of alcohol or caffeine with the amount of water that is in the body.Ultimately, to quash dehydration, population need to suck up sure that abounding water is consumed as a cursory part of their regimen. It is undemanding to lose water from sweating or urinating too much, but replenishing water loss is vital for water ba lance in the body. A normal recommendation for acquire enough water in the diet is to consume at least 8 glasses of water every day. Also, it is important for people to throw troop of water if they are doing grueling activity or exercising in extreme defy conditions. Also, we have to get up sure that we are dressed befittingly for the weather.For instance, in summer, to avoid dehydration in extreme heat, we have to wear idle fitting clothes. Also, it is dress hat to avoid the cheerfulness as much as attainable if it is hot, but if someone does decide to duty tour outside in the heat, it is stovepipe to drink plenty of water to stay hydrated. In essence, water is the fabric of life. It is dien to us in plenteous amounts, but it should not be wasted. It is 60% of the human body and without it, we would cease to exist. The best method to make health an upper limit priority is to consume the recommended amount of water and eat a healthy and alimentary diet that will co mpliment a healthy lifestyle.Water is not a gift, it is a right. flirt with to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration and to give the body the most important nutrient that it needs for survival. References Grosvenor, M. B. , & Smolin, L. A. (2006). eatable Everyday choices. impertinently Jersey nates Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hamilton, A. (n. d). Caffeine dehydration Caffeine and alcohol just how dehydrating are they? Retrieved December 7, 2008 from http//www. pponline. co. uk/encyc/caffeine-dehydration. htm

Cause and effect of smoking during pregnancy Essay

Cause and effect of take in during pregnancy - Essay ExampleResearch studies carried go forth recently show that the child of a smoking mother is almost doubly at risk in contacting very serious respiratory tract diseases in its early stages of life and usually leads to hospitalization. some other major cause for this is that many societies are well known for their high rate of smoking and even since the 1800s, people are quite aware of the black effects it has on health. But in the 19th century, the correlation between maternal smoking and the rate of LRI (Lower Respiratory Infection) was determined.A clinical research was carried out to determine the effect or impact that parental smoking had on children who were constantly exposed to it, and the Odds Ratio was work out, based on the LRI, for hospitalization. The risk calculated was age related and the ORs of prevalence of serious LRI were 1.71 (95% CI, 1.33-2.20) and 1.25 (95% CI, 0.88- 1.78) for children aged 0.2 years and 3 to 6 years respectively. (Li JS, Peat JK, Xuan W, Berry G, 1999)Other studies have shown a link between maternal smoking and a high incidence of respiratory problems including impaired lung infections. Some studies have shown harmful effects of placenta - borne exposure at the time of pregnancy including breast milk, as well as air- borne exposure right after delivery.More recent evidence, of the effect of smoking mothers on their false spring, shows that immunity plays a major role in determining this, proving to be an important mechanism. another(prenominal) cause for children inflicted with wheezing and other respiratory problems was due to sprinkle mites found in the homes of smoking mothers.According to a study undertaken by Noakes, he suggests that Maternal smoking is associated with impaired neo-natal toll- like- receptor mediated immune responses. (P.S Noakes, Eur. Respir. Journal, 2006)Another major factor that contributed to an adverse effect on pregnant smoking mothers was the lack of social support render during

Faculty Roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Faculty Roles - Essay ExampleTherefore, in order to use faculty evaluation as a tool to measure faculty quality, some of the primary roles of the faculty cast to be identified for assessment, and values or weights assigned to them. All roles should be specify in the faculty role model in terms of observable achievements, products, or performances that can be documented. (Diamantes, 2002). In the faculty role model, I have identified teaching, scholarly activities and service as the three most important roles of the faculty. Teaching is defined as engaging in specifically designed interactions with the students that facilitate, promote, and go out in student learning (Arreola, 2007). Teaching being the primary function of the faculty, it has been accorded the highest weight. Effective teaching has four defining components. Based on the relative immensity of each of the four components, the weights have been assigned as 35% for instructional delivery skills which call for organized classroom presentations, effective communication with the students, generating enthusiasm and shake them to learn and achieve 35% for instructional design skills that involve developing course materials e.g., study notes, tests etc., developing new courses, designing effective instructional tools such(prenominal) as audio/visuals, discussions, class seminars and group activities 25% for capacity expertise which essentially is an indicator of the faculty members mastery of course content and 5% for course management which consists of managing activities, materials etc. for courses, conducting laboratory work, grading papers, guiding student research, supervising dissertations etc.Scholarly activities as another role in the role model and with components such as (1) personal development, (2) original research and discovery, (3) dissemination through posters and publications in standard journals help the faculty members

Electromagnetic Compatibility of Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

electromagnetic Compatibility of Devices - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that while engineers worked on a large number of devices and their functions in an environment of electromagnetic fields, save still there is the great need for research in this field to come up with substantial human and friendly devices.The very common utilisation is watching TV every day If the text message or phone call in the dynamics that are attached to the computer and the TV sound. Prior research on EMC, a lot of cases, such as the sharpness of the speakers sound, noise and stop in alarm systems, distortions in telephone lines, violations of the equipment installed in hospitals, police, schools, and others have been identified. Such problems persist until the end of the twentieth century. Experts like describes the introduction of new products in the last decade of the twentieth century that were compatible with electromagnetic devices, but doubts have remained the same. The required bandwidth f or devices for the production of radiation is very high such as cell phones (a big give offter), the wireless set of connections, Bluetooth connection and PDAs emit electromagnetic radiation in a wide scale. This is the reason that the number of sensitive locations, such as intensive care units in hospitals, military data, and numbers, etc, is to be free from electromagnetic radiation. As Weston articulates that the devices used to detect fire and quite a little, and devices that emit electromagnetic radiation should be studied continuously. Standards and specifications of the system operation are unyielding in accordance with their work. He also said that as the technology of electromagnetic devices have given a helping hand to the deployment of fire and smoke detection systems. Reducing Electromagnetic Compatibility, EMC is the word used to detail how well the equipment or system can function in its electromagnetic environment without inserting Electromagnetic trouble that line with other electric supply to the atmosphere. Electronic equipment that can run and convergence criteria are called EMC devices.

The role and structure of IASB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

The role and structure of IASB - Essay ExampleThis group formulating and developing accounting standards turned out to be the basis of the establishment of an separatist accounting body for the purpose of issuing accounting standards to be used worldwide, which was named as transnational Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) (Knowledge Guide to internationalistic Accounting Standards, accessed 14.02.06).The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was formed in the year 1973 in the pursuit of international community towards the development of accounting standards capable of being used end-to-end the world and IASC focused on this mission soon after its creation. Initially ten countries collaborated their efforts for the formation of International Accounting Standards Committee.During the reign of IASC, several accounting standards were create but the goal of harmonisation could not be achieved due the lack of implementation of those standards. Furthermore, those stand ards provided great room for the manipulators to play around with the rules and regulation. It was in 1997 that IASC realised the implication of harmonised accounting standards and the increasing need for comparability of financial statements at a global level leading to the restructuring and remodelling of IASC. In the year 2001, the standard pose responsibilities of International Accounting Standards Committee was taken over by the new International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) with a view to restructure it to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century (Accounting Introduction background to the introduction of International Accounting Standards a brief history, accessed 14.02.06).The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) works under the supervision of International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation (IASCF), which was created in March 2001. The existing new structure consists of IASB, being given the responsibility to formulate and

Compare and contrast the British and American political systems Essay

Compare and contrast the British and American political systems - Essay ExampleThe best ways are by analyse different political systems of societies from different geographical locations. Since the traditional and cultural values of each hostel are different, the thinking and the way of life would be truly different if compared to one another. (Rabb, 2003, 45-57)Therefore, a political system to one society is likely to be different if compared to another. At the same time, western society might be unfamiliar to the ways of the eastern society and vice-versa. Sometimes as time passes, there develops new theories of new political systems by great thinkers. So we see one political system being changed to another. (Harman, 2003, 99-105) This proves that its impossible to take just one time frame as different political systems certain at different time lines.In each society they have adopted to a mutual understanding of whats right and whats wrong. (Rabb, 2003, 45-57) For example How ard Becker suggests social groups take a shit deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders. (Harman, 2003, 99-102) Therefore at times, we see revolutions that bring about a consentaneous new political system, even though sometimes althea promises that was to come with the new system vanishes somewhere. Politics cannot be pinned down to a single formula of life, it occurs throughout society, it involves every aspect of our lives, but it is especially concentrated in the modern nation state. It is the nation state that establishes sovereign jurisdiction within outlined boundaries...the state commands ultimate power in that it stands above all other associations and groups in society its laws demand the compliance of all those who live within its boundaries. (McWhirter, 1994, 36-42)In politics there is a phrase that says, power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Wha t it means is that everyone who comes by political power becomes corrupted morally from the opportunities that this power brings with it. This actually applies to most people since they shape their morality in line with social pressure. In other words, at first they are scared of societys disapproval and punishment and therefore avoid immorality, however, when power makes them strong, it decreases social pressure and as a result they become corrupted. (Rabb, 2003, 45-57) Religion is undoubtfully a big influence in society but it has declined in countries like the US and UK in the past century. Capitalism is thought to be behind the reason for the decline in organised holiness in the US and UK. Each of the three political systems noted above is a type of democracy. The exact nature of that democracy can vary easily however. In 1996 an estimated 117 countries were on record as being democracies (Sussman 1996, 118-125). Even in countries as similar as the unify States and Great Bri tain this is often the case. The way the United States views representative democracy varies in some ways from the way this concept is viewed in the United Kingdom. This variance is obvious in numerous aspects of government, especially in terms of overall governmental structure. Democracy is indeed a grand and glorious concept,

Management. Business function and processes (Tourism) Research Paper

Management. Business function and processes (Tourism) - Research Paper ExampleDuring succeeding(a) few years, TUI developed and changed its production from industrial segment to a modern tourism and shipping company. The general credibility of the TUI is quite excellent. Strategically today TUI is the largest and in the lead tourism and shipping organization of the world, operationally active mainly in Central, Northern and Western Europe while it has the networks across the Europe as well. The catalogue of TUI is decorated with hotels, restaurants, retail stores, container ships, travel agencies and airlines. TUI has 14,917.5 million current and non-current net assets and liabilities (Interim Annual Report, 2009). On December 2008, TUI had 70,200 employees (TUI Annual Report, 2008), 285 hotels with 163,000 beds in 28 different countries including 84% foursome or five star hotels, 79 tour operators in 18 countries, 120 aircraft, 10 cruise liners, and 443 subsidiary companies (htt p//www.tui.com). At present, TUI AG has 43.3% shares in Hapag-Lloyd AG. During the monetary year 2008, TUI had revenue about 759 million.One of the unmatchable entrepreneurial landmarks of TUI is its continuous structural progress and upgrading services offered to worldwide customers. Contrary to its rivalries, TUI is very successful in both the tourism and shipping divisions because of its advanced attractive products and services as well as the expansion of hot and strong brands. However, the performance of TUI has been affected ill due to ongoing war against terrorism, natural calamities, global recession and lack of customer confidence. Prior to 9/11, TUI had more dynamic growth from 1995 to 2001. Post 9/11 affects really restricted the TUIs expansion strategy especially in various countries of Asia. Since China is an emerging market, therefore TUI had planned a bounteous strategy but war in Afghanistan and its further affects in Pakistan kept TUI to hold up its venture in C hina (http//www.tui.com). In such political and military situations, TUI decided to launch its new segment in the form of a network of fast food outlets in major cities of UK and Greece instead of Asia. The pine term success of TUI in Europe also forced its top management to expand the companys growth into competitive markets of Eastern Europe. With the function of mounting its potential, developing activities, and to attain a sustainable lead against its rivalries, TUI has decided to launch its tourism network in the markets of UK and Greece. In the first phase of its new project, 10 fast food units

Religious views on abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Religious views on abortion - Essay ExampleThere are differing opinions about the fill in among various denominations and religions. A survey done by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public life has shown the statistics behind these differing opinions. In the debate concerning legalizing abortion, the ecumenic consensus among most religions is that there should be a restriction on abortion. It was frame that 68% of evangelical Protestants think that abortion should not be on the wholeowed. It was also found that only about 43% of Catholics mean that abortion should be illegal. (Geoffrey, 1996)Generally speaking Buddhists strongly believe that abortion is immoral and incorrect. This is because their religion is founded on the sanctity and respect for life. There must be a respect for their five ethical guidelines. One of them discourages the destruction of life. The religion believes that there should be a blue regard of all beings that have life in them. There is a non violence be lief that must not be violated by all Buddhists.The other main reason why abortion is strongly opposed in Buddhism is due to a special ceremony performed by its adherents. It is called Mizuko Kuyo. This ceremony is a service designed for victims of abortions, miscarriages and stillbirths. Here, parents of the dead visit a shrine and perform this ceremony with the main intention of gaining reassurance, appeasing the spirit of the dead fetus and to heartache for their dead. This ceremony is usually conducted in a specific way. The ceremony was started about thirty years ago when unavoidable hatful forced individuals to perform abortions. It was founded on the belief that those souls who died in the process of abortion would cause retribution after the mistreatment they faced from their parents. (James, 1998)It should however be noted that there are special circumstances when it can be considered okay for mothers to abort. This was stated by one of their well known leaders Tenzin Gya tso. This leader believes that if the fetus will grow up to be mentally retarded and if there is a danger of the parents death during child birth, then it can be considered permissible for an abortion to occur.Just like either other religion, all Buddhists do not share the same view on this controversial topic. There are conservatives and liberalists. Those who are more tolerant believe that abortions can be done only under special circumstances. But majorities do not support it at all. (James, 1998)Hinduism and abortionThe Hindu religion has a no-tolerance view on abortion. This is because they adhere to the belief that life begins at inception. They classify abortion as a sin it is a form of murder and causes souls of the unborn to be hindered from normal progress in the journey of life. This concept was emphasized by one of their graven images called Chiranjeevin. This god performed an abortion and was cursed by another god Krishna to suffer eternally. (James, 1999)Because to e very rule there is an exception, there is a low level of tolerance fro the practice. This is due to the fact that there is a general election for male children in the Hindu culture. Consequently, mothers who find out that they are

BP Oil Spill Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BP Oil Spill - Coursework Examplee done by the team to prevent the inherent ecosystem from being affected by the oil spill.6500 vessels had been used in the process to clean the ocean making BP spend $14 billion on the fortuity and response.The supply chain experienced a major challenge in that the goods later produced by the company could not meet the overwhelming demand that existed in the market. In addition, its requirements met an alteration of terms and agreements. Dispersants were among the goods whose production was low at 500 weekly gallons as opposed to the required 50000 gallons a day demand. The company excessively had a problem with some of its affiliate suppliers who claimed to be capable of providing certain commodities but inflated their prices (Waters, 2011). There had been no plan to handle such cataclysm hence the company suffered hugely in the global supply chain index.Sea transport for commodities like oil is a cheaper alternative than air, rail or road trans port. Transport links between continents are limited. Road and rail are convenient ways to transport oil inland while sea shipping remains the cheaper and most efficient way to transport oil between offshore countries or continents (Waters, 2011). Air transport is expensive and risky. It also cannot take and guarantee a large quantity

Strategic Management Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Management Language - Essay ExampleUnder the influence of this principle, individuals in the business community increasingly decided to practice session some of their corporeal power and wealth for the genial good. These voluntary community obligations to improve, beautify, and uplift were quite evident by many business leaders. One archean example was the cooperative effort between the railroads and the YMCA immediately after the Civil War to provide community services in areas served by the railroads. Although these services economically benefited the railroads, they were at the same time philanthropic (Shalhoud, 1999). In another example, steel magnate Andrew Carnegie put much of his great wealth to work for education. Henry hybridization adopted a paternalistic style of management and made recreational and health programs available to Ford employees. The company town was one of the most overt examples of paternalism. Although businesss motives for creating company towns (for example, the Pullman/Illinois experiment) were mixed, business had to do a considerable amount of work in governing them (Shalhoud, 1999). Thus, the company accepted a form of paternalistic social responsibility. ... Because corporations control vast resources, because they are powerful, and because this power and wealth come from their operations within society, they have an obligation to serve societys needs. In this way, corporations and their leaders and managers become stewards, or trustees for society which forms an image of trust about the organisation among the society member. Under the influence of this principle, Congress, the popular press, and other factions started to attack many bombastic and powerful organisations whose attitudes they comprehend to be both anticompetitive and antisocial. Antitrust laws and other legislation began to place constraints on the actions of organisations. In general, there was a shift in the public perception of a corporations place within and obligation to society. CSR & Strategic thinkingTo understand better why some organisations fall ethically, we can explore organisational attitudes toward stakeholders in the form of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the relationship between the CSR and a firms strategic management can be found from various definitions of CSR. For many organisations, commitment to CSR is shown in references to stakeholders and treble bottom line thinking (i.e., financial, environmental, and social responsibility bottom lines). One useful definition of CSR is that it requires the continuing commitment by business to behaving ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the work force and their families as well as of the community and society at large (Anderson, 1989). The economy could only be improved in the long run and so strategic thinking is critical. Criticism of business

Media Log 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media Log 1 - Essay ExampleShe does this by suppressing the freedom of those she could and denying others their right. What this shows about a typical modern-day family is how parents try to use their authority to direct what they desire from all other family members. But as much as Claire tried to achieve her perfect reverie family portrait, the more the other people in the family tried to look into areas of their lives that they felt could bring them happiness and freedom. For example Phil took some of the other family members to watch a bet and actually ignored Claires phone call. What this shows is that in a typical family, the need to allow each person to function as an independent genial being is very important. This is because as it turned out to be, Claire would not have the sort of perfect portrait she dreamed of after all. This is because even after she had managed to get all the family set for the photograph in their white dresses, Jay starts a mud fight, making their perfect while costumes

Starbucks Analyse Marketing Activities and Performance Essay

Starbucks Analyse Marketing Activities and Performance - Essay ExampleIt opened its very first outlet in Market Place, Seattles Pike. In 1986 it was acquired by Schultz, who envisioned it as a home coffee shop where people can get the best coffee with other complementary services. The party was expanded with proper positioning and marketing strategies soon after it was acquired by Schultz. Starbucks then reanalyzed its marketing activities which were solely based upon maintaining a soulfulnessal and cherished kind between customers and the company. This was done initially by reviving the experience of Italian Espresso Bars. The companys primary focus was over the quality services extensive to its customers and the overall in-store experience. Therefore they bought the best quality coffee and maintain a consummate brand image. The company had a mission statement stating the real purpose of existence i.e. to serve American population. In exact words To instigate and nurture the hu man strength through and through serving them one cup per person at a specific area (Charles W. Lamb 22). After having successful business for twenty five years Starbucks expanded its business into the foreign lands. This was initiated through the opening of their first international outlet in Tokyo, Japan. Currently the company has more than 17,000 stores in 49 countries which has enabled the company to become the most recognizable and prestigious brand of the world. From the time when it was established in 1971, the company has shown a significantly increasing growth trend which indicates its outstanding performance and enhanced satisfaction take aim of Starbucks customers (Charles W. Lamb 22). Organizational Chart (Starbucks) Product Portfolio Starbucks has a distinctive product portfolio which encompasses a wide range of coffee flavors. It is divided into five categories, namely Starbucks, Creamice, Fontana, Tazo tea leaftime and Supplies (Products Our Complete Product Portfo lio). Starbucks It is further classified into ingredients of beverages which are mostly used in production of different drinks and coffees. They also have branded cups with the name of Starbucks. additionally they have hot cocoa which is a very unique, high quality burnt umber drink and resale merchandize which includes ceramic cups, roasted dry fruits, biscuits, etc. Creamice It includes all the beverages which nightfall into the category of frozen blend. These are served with flavor treats and customized syrups. It has been divided into further categories Latte, Mango, Mocha and Raspberry. Fontana It contains a wide variety of syrups and sauces which turns beverages into specialty offering i.e. unique to Starbucks only. The major categories includes chocolate syrups, fruit syrups and sauces, nuts and essences. Tazo Tea Coffee and tea are ever best companions and Starbucks has further intensified their relationship. There is a huge variety of tea which is sold in branded packagi ng. It is artfully blended to give a superior taste to the customers. The extended versions include gallon Bulk Iced tea I, Gallon Bulk Iced Tea II, Filter bag and Tea Latte Concentrate. Supplies They supply a wide range of products concerning coffee and tea. For instance, they have filters of different sizes, cleaning powders, brushes, pitchers, beat dispensers amongst other things. Broadly the supplies are categorized in to airpots and carefes, small wares, cups and cleaning stuff. SWOT Strengths (Starbucks SWOT Analysis) They have a wide range of p

Marks and Spencer and John Lewis Pension Schemes Case Study

Marks and Spencer and nates Lewis Pension Schemes - Case Study ExampleUntil now workers of M&S did not have to make any contribution towards their own pension from their salary and they were entitled to a small part of their final salary as retirement income. Thus compared with John Lewis pension scheme in which workers do not have to make contributions towards the final salary scheme and retirement income from their active salaries, Marks & Spencer pension scheme has changed so that workers will have to make a final contribution towards their final salary scheme or they may receive lowered reachs later.There are conflicts of interest between employees and trustees in two John Lewis and Marks and Spencer. However John Lewis is a partnership billet which means it is largely controlled by employees. The employee trusts adequately maintain the benefits of employee ownership structures and in case of John Lewis there is breakdown of the strict dichotomy between employees and trust ees with employees having repoint ownership to an extent. However in case of Marks& Spencer, the trustees are responsible for funding and the pension scheme and the employee trustee distinction is quite obvious with both potential and real conflicts within Marks and Spencer.The John Lewis Partnership had still... 3. Defined Benefit/Defined Contribution. Which type of provision suits each organization and whyThe John Lewis Partnership had still recently reduced the benefits of its pension scheme to cut the costs of its operations and maintenance. However in the last year, with profits up to 27% increase, 85m has been marked out for pension based funds which would be nearly 10% of the familiaritys budget (John Lewis, 2007). The pension costs being very high for the company when compared with other companies, the cutting down of pension costs provide reasonable savings for the company. Recent changes in the M&S salary schemes mean that pension contribution will have to accrue benefit s at a slower rate or there has to be limits on the rate at which pensionable salaries rise. Contribution and benefits are tied in case of M&S salary and pension scheme as members contribute to their own salary and benefits by using some for later retirement income. In case of John Lewis benefit schemes, employee contributions are not direct and usually employees are subject to these schemes for their benefit on retirement. 4. John Lewis Partnership is not a quoted company. How does that affect its pension policy (if at all) Is it a better or worse situation in this regard than Marks and Spencer John Lewis being not a quoted company but rather run by the concept of partnership showing that employees pick out direct ownership to the business (John Lewis, 2007). Recently John Lewis has also launched a unique share incentive plan and it remains as primarily an employee own company and this affects its pension policy that focuses on a large share of costs on the

Majority Activity 3-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Majority Activity 3-2 - Essay ExampleCommercials differentiate trucks and action figures for boys amid dolls and fairy princesses for girls. The media must work toward gender equality.Male characters still dominate childrens television with few cockeyed female influences. television receiver cartoons like benni Street have added strong female characters like Maria (Human), Rosita (Muppet), and Zo (Muppet) to the program. These women dis short-change feminist qualities Maria works, Rosita teaches Spanish to the children with pride in her Mexican heritage, and Zo portrays that girls and boys can be best friends without romantic ideas by being best friends with Elmo however, boys are still the main stars of the show with girls making appearances only on occasion. Dora the look is a little girl, without a super thin waist, that helps her friends when they need help. Hurray Finally, a strong female character however, this cartoon is outnumbered by the many cartoons with female chara cters subaltern to stronger male counterparts. Jimmy Neutron has Cindy Vortex, a blond girl just as smart a Jimmy but always second best. SpongeBob has Sandy, a strong female squirrel from Texas that only appears on the show occasionally as SpongeBobs rowdy friend. Winnie the Pooh has Kanga, the mother of Roo who is always doing laundry and other chores while the others are having adventures. Television executives must create more programs with strong females as the main character and male characters the co-stars like Dora the Explorer.Commercials differentiate trucks and action figures for boys between dolls and fairy princesses for girls. In commercials, boys play with trucks and action figures, while girls are picture playing with dolls, castles, kitchens, toy vacuums, and more. Girls notice the medias subtle messages defeating the caregiver that bought trucks as well as dolls for little girls to break bring the walls of gender inequality. Eventually, girls start asking for gi rls

Network and Internet Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network and Internet Security - Essay ExampleA Shared Secret is a provisional access code that a company needs to generate a Portal trade Account in the eManifest Portal. The CBSA offers it to businesses that demand contact to the Portal and must be applied within 90 days of the issue time. The Shared Secret comes in handy to avow and validate a customer when generating an eManifest Portal company Account. Only the CBSA and the certified representative of the business have contact to this information. The Kerberos protocol is planned to present undeviating chip over open and unprotected networks where communications linking the hosts belonging to it may tempered. Nevertheless, one should be aware that Kerberos does not grant any guarantees if the machines in apply are susceptible the validation hordes, submission servers and customers must be kept continuously updated so that the legitimacy of the requesting drug users and suppliers can be guaranteed. Kerberos protocol endeavor s to avert the clients word of honor from being maintained in its unencrypted mode, even in the verification server database. Bearing in mind that every encryption algorithm applies its individual signalize length, it is apparent that, if the consumer is not to be required to use a diverse password of a preset size for each encryption technique supported, the encryption keys cannot be the passwords. For these bases the string2key application has been introduced. It transforms an unencrypted code word into an encryption key appropriate for the sort of encryption to be utilized. This function is referred every time a user alters code word or enters it for verification. The string2key is coined as a hash function, implying that it is permanent given that an encryption key cannot establish the secret word which created it. One-time password verification scheme (OTP). The system offers authentication for system access and further applications entail authentication, which is sheltered a gainst flaccid attacks based on rerunning held reusable passwords. OTP developed from the S/ profound a brand name of Bellcore. The utilization of the OTP method only present buffers against replay aggression. It does not grant the seclusion of transmitted information, and neither does it guard against restless attacks. Active aggression against TCP connections are identified to be there in the contemporary Internet (Kling, 1996). The triumph of the OTP system to guard host systems is dependent on the non-invertability of the protected hash functions applied (Carver, 2007). None of the hash algorithms have ever since been wrecked, but it is usually assumed that MD4 is less strong compared to MD5. If a server supports several hash algorithms, it is merely as protected as the weakest algorithm. There are two methods of productively and safely implementation of OTP points structural design of the token execution and physical safety of the tokens. Regarding architecture, the first re flection is placement of the token in the system. The most secure application of OTP tokens is for logging in at workplaces topically or for reaching an internal network after a firewall. In an in-house network, whereby all servers are under watch (distinct from the open Internet) an MITM (Man in the Middle) assault is not as probable (Neuman, 2008). However SSL alone cant prevent a man-in-the-middle assault. SSL with joint authentication in place can offer some defense since both

Pledge of Allegiance in School Essay Example for Free

sign of Allegiance in enlighten EssayPledge of Allegiance in SchoolMy choice of writing for the Rogerian essay is on the topic of the Pledge of Allegiance in School. In a decision that stunned the nation, a federal appeals motor inn in June ruled that reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools is unconstitutional because the pledge contains the address under God (Chmielewski). The banning of the Pledge of Allegiance is a very large controversial topic because one side turn overs that while the foundation of our country is religion, the other side believes that the reciting of the Pledge of Allegiance is an infringement on our First Amendment right. The Pledge of Allegiance began in 1892.It was a way of showing a sense of celebration for being an American. Since 1892 the Pledge has been changed four times, and in 1954 the words under God were added (Chmielewski). A cause of the Pledge of Allegiance being banned from school is mostly because of these two words under God. An deist by the name, Newdow, filed the claim against the pledge because he did not want his second grade daughter pressured into saying something that he does not believe (Chmielewski). I believe that this topic has quite a bit of historic meaning because it basis is on our historical beginning. I think that because the times of our country and take a leak changed so much, in that, religion is not just based on Christianity for our country anymore, it does way on peoples mind. I would like to show in this essay that the Pledge of Allegiance is an important part, not just in our schools, but in our nation.My research on this is going to be a bit strenuous. There atomic number 18 so many articles about court proceedings and individual states that it might be difficult to find a common ground. Most of what I have read has just been the individual states versus the Supreme Court or, as in the case above, the Nine District Court. I have read articles from Massachusetts, Califor nia, Washington, and Nevada, to name a few. Most of the articles also are very one sided. Meaning that the author shows what the problem in question is and then turns the article to what they believe.

Economical and religious repression Essay Example for Free

Economical and apparitional repression EssayIllustrate from Blakes songs the ways the poet shows that the great deal of his time were alienated from their natural selves and from society by political, economical and religious repression A major target of Blakes in the conquest to correct the unnatural state of society was that of religion and the church building. Blake was an unconventional Christian.Although clearly religious, as seen in poesys such as The Lamb and Night, he abhorred the concept of organised religion and believed it to be an extremely damaging institution which was more concerned with the oppression of the lower classes and the continuance of the mismatched status quo than with true religion. Blake believed the moral codes that were extolled by the Church were significantly damaging to society, making innocent concepts deviant and causing bitter unhappiness. In The Garden of Love, Blake conveys his feelings on the repressive qualities of religion.This poem is the basis for Blakes possibility on repressive religion, using The Garden of Love as a basis for the damaging effects of religious bans, Blake then goes onto portray how the effects change with different experiences such as love and sex. In the poem, the speaker bribes to The Garden of Love where he used to exercise (which seems to refer to the innocent discovery of innerity by children) and finds that it has been transformed. Where once children used to play on the green there are now priests in colour gowns, and gravestones where there used to be descenders.The speaker has become aware of Church lawfulness and its oppressive bans, Blake emphasises the influence of the religious morals by use of mensurable technique. The power of Thou shalt not paralyses the poem, with three successive stresses halting the regularly anapaestic rhythm. In the same way that Thou shalt not stops the flow of the poem, the construction of the Chapel stops the innocent play of children. In the design which accompanies the poem children are seen praying over the graves of Joys Desires, which were murdered by the Church.Blake further expands his theory on how repressive religion alienates people of his day from their natural selves in his two poems on sexual intercourse, The Blossom and The Sick Rose. The Blossom is a jubilancy of what Blake would c all completely natural sex, macrocosm free from morals and repressive religion it is a wonderful and joyous occasion, so full of emotion that it makes the redbreast sob with joy. The Blossom is full of irrefutable language, such as happy, merry and pretty and contains a simple and bouncing rhythm that conveys the naturalness of the act and how positive such sex is.The Sick Rose on the other hand portrays sexual intercourse at its most depraved and shameful. The poem is a vision of sex under the influence of repressive religious morals and restricting social conventions it portrays sexual intercourse under the influence of repressive religious morals. The poem utilises a complicated and lumpy rhythm, with a mix of anapaestic and iambic feet and a disturbing first line which is difficult to scan, the world of Experience is clearly evoked through Blakes metrical technique.The poems imagery of an invisible worm flying at night in a howling storm is full of darkness, military force and depravity. The Rose hides (implied by found out) her sexual pleasure, her bed of crimson joy, which reveals the hypocrisy of female pleasure in this depraved form of sex the Rose has sexual desire but hides it from the invisible worm. In the final two lines Blake sums up his point of the poem, that this kind of sexual intercourse, this dark secret love, Does thy life destroy.Through his word-painting of love and sex in the Songs, Blake shows the damaging effects of religious repression. Repressive religious morals and laws have led to the body becoming detached from the soul, and sex, which the Church associates with the body, has become a seedy and deviant act. In these poems, Blake has shown that the Church has alienated people from their natural selves. In My Pretty Rose Tree, Blake reveals his beliefs on the unnatural constraints of marriage.Blake repudiated some(prenominal) kind of binding contracts or morals, which might constrain the natural self from its freedom and marriage fell firmly within his sights. As far as Blake was concerned, marriage was a dead institution (as revealed by the marriage hearse of London) and an unnatural social prison which severely damaged peoples natural selves. In the poem, a efflorescence was offered to the speaker, a metaphor for an extra-marital affair, by a woman which the speaker finds attractive (Such a flower as May never bore).However, the unnatural constraints of marriage driving the speaker to unhappily, suggested by the slowing of the rhythm with a double stress in And I passed the sweet flower oer, turn down the offer and return to his wife, his P retty Rose tree. The artificial boundaries of marriage have led to the speaker giving up the chance of being happy with his sweet flower and to being trapped with his jealous Rose tree whose thorns are his only delight.Blake suggests that without the constraints of marriage that the speaker would have been free to follow his heart, rather than conforming to an artificial law and becoming unhappy. In London, Blake further expresses his attitude towards marriage. In the poem, marriage is presented as a hearse, a vessel for carrying the dead, though with their bodies (their sexual selves) being dead in a loveless and institutionalised marriage which extols the virtues of the soul over the deviant and depraved body. Blake blames the unnatural state of love in society on the Churchs legal separation of body and soul.The separation has forced the soul to be encapsulated in marriage and the body to be forced to become deviant and turn to youthful Harlots. familiar pleasure has only two o ptions, either a loveless marriage or buying pleasure from seedy and diseased prostitutes. Marriage, in Blakes eyes, has made all sexual pleasure the kind found in The Sick Rose, depraved and hidden, whereas in a world free from the unnatural constraints alienating people from themselves, people would be able to enjoy the pleasure found in The Blossom.

Intelligence led policing Essay Example for Free

Intelligence led policing EssayThe terrorist attacks of September 2001 had several governments taken aback of their incapacity to detect and prevent crimes of such(prenominal) magnitude. The United States Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense, for example, have been working extra hard to detect and thwart such mishaps today and in the future. In order to realize this, most aspects of national security have been reviewed by various governments around the world (Wisler and Onwudiwe, 2009).One of these aspects is intelligence gain and use for both internal and international security. Of most importance is internal security, given the fact that crimes such as international terror are aforethought(ip) and carried out by deterrents that are already living among us. Because the police have the mandate to provide internal security, they require effective intelligence to en adapted them to sop up and act on any training related to looming attacks and dangers. Apart from intelligence led policing, there are numerous other types of policing.However, the main ones are knowledge-based policing, chore based policing and community policing. For any crime type to be bunged, the intelligence used by police ought to be based on all perhaps operable information and data, collected and thoroughly evaluated. Intelligence has been defined in multiple ways. For the sake of this discussion, we will settle on a single commentary it is collecting data and information precisely touching on crime, analyzing and drawing conclusions on it.Therefore, intelligence is non any kind of information but that which has been analyse and quality conclusions made on it. Intelligence can hence be used to inform any concerned decision maker of the several available choices. The security personnel of any department, either the police or the military, can then draw on the analyzed findings to carry out their duties of preventing and stopping crimes by strategizing and laying good plans on how to achieve their set objectives.Intelligence led policing is a structured method of collecting, analyzing and evaluating data and information related to crime. The analyzed information is then used to guide the institutions which enforce law in determining their actions. It was first used in the United Kingdom in 1990 and later stock a huge acceptance in the United States after the 2001 terrorist attacks. The Kent police in the UK used this kind of policing on car stealing, home breaks and certain types of crimes which were then considered high priority.The worlds governments later decided to use this method alongside others to curb international crime especially terrorism and to react in effect to simpler crimes at the domestic front (Wisler and Onwudiwe, 2009). The problem based policing is broad in its coverage bearing its stand on the notion that other types of policing are not committed to solving the basic criminal acts. While it concentrates on cr imes that need the attention of the police and that it handles other issues other than implementing crime prevention programs, is not able to cover all sorts of crimes.On the other hand Public policing usually focus on a single type of crime for example way gangs only. It is normally used when certain crimes occur and their area of operation is the streets. It is also effective in the sense that the time, when the required information is obtained and when action is taken on it, is relatively short. Its mainstay is to deter and disable unlawful trends. Criminals are also profiled to help in analysis. Finally, its approach involves the use of tour of duty personnel, strategic divisions and detectives.

Why Does Gender Pay Inequality Persist?

Why Does Gender Pay Inequality Persist?With the increasing trend of the remarkably importance of the sex present equality during the aside few decades, organisations and many commentators have been paying particular attention to the relative trends, legislations, news, economy and global labour market as a whole to handle the persistence of the sexual urge pay inequality occurred nowadays. Pay equity is defined as a particular strategy for reducing or eliminating the lease spreading between or among groups such as women and men, or various ethnic groups (Thomas 2006). It was mentioned in the CONSAD Research Corporations paper (2009) that at that place have been significant increase for women to get into in the labour ride, to acquire high upbringing level and to make substantial real earnings. For instance, Lander ONeill (1991) indicated that Australian women participation rate in the labour baron has doubled since 1947. Moreover, it was showed in the pedagogy multin ationals report (2010) that the average female graduation rate in higher education in OECD countries is 16 percent more than the male graduation rate. Yet the challenge is that women have been earning less than men all through the genuine countries around the world even they argon headspring educated and actively participate in the workforce (Hatt1997). Taking an example in Australia, women earn approximately 80 percent of mens wages (Lander ONeill 1991). The persistence of the sex activity pay gap is puzzling although the gender pay equity ratio has been steadily rising and a wide range of legislations such as cost Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action were implemented to address the issue (Smith 2009 Lander ONeill 1991). This paper go forth briefly demonstrate the historical overview with respect to the topic. It will pass off to identify the comprehensive reasons for the existence of gender pay inequality. It will then illustrate the advantages of having pay equa lity worldwide. Last but not least, the paper will recommend some of the strategies which organisations can best address the challenge by utilising appropriate non-discriminatory workplace practices and policies.Historical OverviewThe ancient time of keeping women staying and working at home while men were responsible for earning a living had passed after the World War II (Amaram 2010). The participation rate of women joining the labour force has greatly boosted due(p) to the establishment of some legislation to remove obstacles of womens employment and to allow women working in certain kinds of work such as alloy industry (ODonnell dormitory room 1988). The booming economy and labour shortage triggered the fact that women were encouraged to replace men, who were resisting in the war, in the labour market (ODonnell Hall 1988). Campaigns were as healthful formed by many womens organisations to fight for the equal pay between men and women (ODonnell Hall 1988). Some supporter s advocate the theory of comparable worth that there should be equal pay for jobs entailing similar cleverness, effort, responsibility and work conditions, and that this parity should occur regardless of respective job market values (Grider Toombs 1993). However, even there were legislation, theories and womens organisations to protect women from getting unequal pay the gender wage gap has been existed for many years. To explain this gap, there are a couple of complex reasons which restrainly and indirectly result in the gender differences in pay.Occupational SegregationOne of the primary reasons for the gender pay differences is due to occupational segregation. Men and women are not evenly allocated in all occupational categories. Women scarper to be distributed in low-paying industries or occupations which directly affect their average earnings (Smith 2009 Hatt 1997 McAuley 1981 Mumford 1989 Lander ONeill 1991 Education International 2010 Curlew Weber 2010). It was pointed out that women were mainly employed in residential area services, the wholesale and retail trade, clerical work and catering whereas men were generally employed in mining, electricity, gas and water, manufacturing as thoroughgoingly as construction industries where men are more likely to receive well supra average pay (ODonnell Hall 1988 Hatt 1997). The consequence of setting women apart in certain occupations with low-status and low-paid partially results in the gender pay gap.Vertical SegregationRather than constraining women in particular occupations or industries, plumb segregation occurs in both public and private sectors when women are located in lower positions and men are placed in more senior positions such as executive or managerial roles (Mumford 1989). Women are abandoned very few opportunities to engage in promotion to higher positions, and therefore women are constrained their mobility upwards to the organisational hierarchy and they are under-represented at senio r positions in all occupations (Hatt 1997). This phenomenon is closely related to the glass ceiling personal effects for women that refer to those artificial barriers based on attitudinal or organisational bias that prevent qualified individuals from advancing upward in their organisation into management-level positions (U.S. Department of Labour 1991). Hence, vertical segregation is another factor that leads to the gender pay gap.Family ResponsibilityAs a result of the family obligation to give birth as well as take care of the children and elders at home, there has been a greater percentage for women to participate in more flexible part-time and occasional employments than men who tend to have full-time employments (Smith 2009 CONSAD Research Corp 2009 Curlew Weber 2010 Amaram 2010). It was indicated in Amaram (2010)s study that pregnancy leading to the absence of women is 36 percent more than men and married men are more likely to work longer hours to make up the loss of the e arnings for the family. Undoubtedly, it was claimed by many reporters that part-time employment pays relatively less than full-time employment, thus the unbalanced participation in part-time works make waters women to be classified in lower level of income groups without adequate chances for skill advancement and promotion opportunities (Education International 2010 Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia 2009).Womens Tendency of Education and Work Choices and PatternsThe educational paths that men and women decide for their majors in higher education or universities are different, indirectly affect the real earnings between men and women in the workforce (Amaram 2010). Amaram (2010) showed in his paper that men generally take sciences as their majors whilst women prefer worldities and education. The assumption is that men and women are likely to choose their desired majors at colleges or universities that can forge what they are going to choose for their careers in the fu ture, which leads to the conclusion by Hartmann (2004) that the pay of the male-nominated occupations tends to be higher than female-nominated occupations. One of the explanations can be attributed that women tend to choose a safer work environment such as being a secretary, teacher or receptionist and they are willing to accept less-paid jobs (Education International 2010 Farrell 2005). In addition, based on the GAOs report (2003) showing that women normally work fewer hours and take more breaks away from work than men, women are therefore less work experience and human capital at work that brings about the consequence of earning less income.Historical and Social Stereotypes of Under-Valuating Womens Work and SkillsBased on the historical overview mentioned in the first section, up until the Second World War, women were supposed to stay at home for cleaning and bringing up the children while men were taking the main role to be the breadwinner for the whole family (Amaram 2010 Elia s Purcell 1988). According to Press (2006), companies advertised for job vacancies in the newspapers listed separately for men and women, as well as womens pay was greatly lower than men. In no doubt, the historical factors generated the hypothesis that womens works are semi-skilled and unskilled (Smith 2009). This hypothesis was supported by Lander ONeill (1991) and Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia (2009) that womens skills and works are continuously under-valuated and unrecognised, which causes the accessible stereotypes on the perception of females capability to work in certain occupational categories. In other words, women may earn less than men as a result of their skills and works were devaluated by the community and organisations based on the social stereotypes.Direct Gender DiscriminationThere are many theorists agreed that direct gender discrimination partly account for the gender wage gap (Curlew Weber 2010 Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia 2009 H att 1997 McAuley 1981). It happens when women and men are treated unequally approach the same job requirements with the same educational level and work experience (Education International 2010). Although it is unlawful to discriminate women from being recruited in male-nominated occupations in most of the developed countries, gender discrimination indeed moderately initiates the gender pay differences. It was even reported that gender discrimination and bias comprise half of the gender pay gap (Lander ONeill 1991). Consequently, no matter the organisational and societal sex discrimination is intentional or unintentional, it is clear that gender bias is an essential element of the persistence of wage gap between men and women.Other ReasonsApart from the major factors brought up previously, there are other reasons which should account for the wage gap as well in terms of the problem of the merit-type payment systems, fusion affiliation, and womens value on non-wage benefits such a s health insurance. Firstly, it is important to understand the rise of the individual contracts together with the meaning of less collective bargaining like the decline of trade due norths at workplaces (Bamber, Lansbury Wailey 2004). Also, merit-type payment including merit increments and merit bonuses is the most popular individual military operation pay plans that are widely used in the USA and many other Western countries today (Shields, 2007). One of the disadvantages of the merit-type payment systems is that it lacks of transparency of the pay structure, hence, it is always up to the managements discretion of any individual performance and pay where there are probably the existence of discriminatory components (Grider Toombs 1993). Secondly, it was claimed that the formation of a trade Union will bring a wage rate of 17.6 percent up for union members (Hatt 1997, Amaram 2010). With the significant rising trend of women participating in part-time and casual employments sta ted earlier, it is less possible for women to become union members that they comparatively earn less than men who normally work as full-time employees and are union members. Lastly, research was also done by the CONSAD Research Corporation (2009) that there is a greater probability that women may relatively value more on non-wage benefits and other employee benefits such as childcare, health insurance and advisory services when comparing to men. Accordingly, women may value other aspects of benefits other than wage that may cause the gender wage differences.Advantages of the Existence of Gender Pay EqualityDespite the limitations ac noesisd which block the way to gender pay equality, there are a series of advantages for individuals, families, organisations and economy as a whole provided that gender pay equity exists. Pay equality increases the empowerment of women and reduces the chances of womens experience to harassment, violence and exploitation at work (Cornish 2008). Additiona lly, it brings positive effects to the well-being and wealth of the families as a result of the increased income, which ultimately improves the situation of poverty, economy and social justice (Lander ONeill 1991 Education International 2010 Curlew Weber 2010). For the organisations, staff morale and productivity will be increased and absenteeism will be decreased if gender pay equity exists in the workplace because employees feel fairness among others (Curlew Weber 2010). Thus, organisations should proactively take actions to address the problem of the persistence of gender pay inequality in order to benefit itself, employees, community and other stakeholders involved.Organisational Strategies for Tackling the ChallengeAlthough governments intervention of implementing fair pay legislations among male and female employees is indispensable, as Smith (2009) claimed that the legislative reform alone is not enough. Strategic non-discriminatory workplace practices and policies should be carefully planned, designed, implemented and monitored at the organisational level in order to build positive videos to the public without violating any relative discriminatory issues, as well as maximise the benefits of balancing the gender pay differences. Therefore, human resource management teams play major roles in making every single finis to align with the organisational strategies. First of all, it is recommended to use objective, systematic and consistent process of job evaluation systems to deal with gender-based inequities in pay (Lander ONeill 1991). De Corte (1993) suggested a model-based approach to job evaluation to calculate the probability to gender bias related to pay at work. Secondly, male and female recruiters should be involved in the recruitment and selection stages so that female candidates will not be excluded in a discriminatory way. Thirdly, training and development should be regularly provided to all employees with the intention that women are giv en chances to promotion in a higher hierarchical level in the organisations. Fourthly, mentoring programs with professional consultants or management should be offered to female employees, who have competent knowledge and capabilities, to encourage them participating in senior positions (Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency 2010). Fifthly, flexible workplace arrangements such as home-based assignments as well as childcare services should also be available to allow female employees having work-life balance (ODonnell Hall 1988). Lastly, organisations should conduct a gender pay audit annually, which provides exact information regarding the gender pay structure and figures of the whole organisation and the percentage of female employees being promoted to the senior positions (Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency 2010). The strategies proposed above are only few subtle pieces of a complex jigsaw puzzle beyond doubt organisations should proactively look fo r other approaches to address the problem of gender pay inequality.ConclusionThe condition of gender pay inequality has been steadily improved in the last few decades. However, in reality it does persist due to an array of complex reasons in terms of occupational and vertical segregation, parenthood, womens propensity of education and occupation choices and patterns, historical stereotypes and under-valuation of womens skills and work, direct gender discrimination, the setback of the merit-type payment systems, union affiliation, and different values on wage and non-wage employee benefits between men and women. These factors illustrated are merely the key causes and further research should be done to elaborate the thorough formation of the wage gap. It is clear that the pursuit of gender pay equality brings individuals, families, organisations, community and economy positive effects. Consequently, organisations should better equip themselves and contribute to the attainment of elimi nating the gender wage gap. Systematic and appropriate non-discriminatory workplace practices and policies should be well implemented to encourage fairness among male and female employees in pay and promotion check to their knowledge, skills and competencies. On account of the increased staff morale and happiness at work, organisations can also build a healthy and positive public image that in turn increasing the organisational attractiveness and competitive advantages in the labour market. In conjunction with the practical support by government, community and unions, it is believed further reduction of the gender wage gap is feasible.