Auguste Comte Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Auguste Comte - Research Paper Example Comte’s achievement in characterizing human science from an all-embracive or widespread discerning incites the boondocks of different parts of information to acknowledge it and use in different purposes. Because of these amicable relations of social science with different sciences, researchers were enlivened to consider it as science and they considered person just as his general public and culture as a topic of this part of information. As indicated by Comte, the prelude of human science is viewed as inserted in his Positive Philosophy, that is, Positivism. After hypothetically surveying all the beginnings of all sciences he reaches a resolution that human information about has come three distinct stages: religious, supernatural and logical. The later, as indicated by Comte, is Positivism. In this manner it is clear that Comte’s Positivism includes the logical investigation of human culture and in this manner â€Å"sociology† develops as a part of human informat ion. Indeed, the polysemus meaning of the logical investigation of society incites him to utilize the term â€Å"positivism†. At the philosophical stage, the information on society fundamentally originates from how religion and strict convictions will in general characterize it. This philosophical view depends on the closed minded regulation of religion that is without any restriction except if another strict view thinks of a lot of very surprising authoritative opinions. It characterizes man and society as the execution of the desire of God and the social standards and guidelines are referenced to God. This view, in any case, circumcises the extent of testing the legitimacy of the strict precepts of society under the profane no-no. So as indicated by Comte, it goes only conflicts with the energy of science. In any case, the Enlightenment in Europe in the nineteenth Century provoked this prevalence of religion over shape human and to decide the situation of human

Developing Manager Essay

Presentation There are sure aptitudes that should be learned so as to evaluate the probability of somebody in turning into a chief. This task plans to accomplish this by getting standards and practices of the executives conduct, assessing own probability as an imminent director by means of incitements and pretends and how to show administrative abilities inside a business and administrations setting. At that point at last, tending to and examining a genuine contextual investigation and relating it to the hypotheses learned. Section A-REPORT AND ACTION PLAN: 1.1 (P1) The board hypotheses are a grouping of thoughts and rules which means to introduce how a business or association ought to be overseen. Thusly it centers around how chiefs and administrators focus their consideration on their objective by guaranteeing that they achieve all the business objectives and the inspiration of representatives to complete their work at an elevated expectation. There are various kinds of the board styles that are actualized when making sense of how their business or association ought to be driven. It is crucially critical to pick the correct kind for the business as it can bigly affect the staff’s inspiration and what they produce. Based on the independences of the staff can help in going to the choice of what the executives style is best for the business. Right off the bat, one sort of the board style is dictatorial administration style. A despotic administrator is one who appreciates the way that they are in charge henceforth they favor that they settl ed on all choices of the business all alone with no kind of conversation with any other individual in the business. An advantage of this kind of the board is that it isn't tedious as work should be possible on time with choices being made at a speedier rate where less individuals are being included. Notwithstanding, an impediment of this kind of the executives style is that is can prompt a fall in inspiration in the staff. As they feel that in such a situation, they don't have a lot of state nor any effect on any choices madeâ within the business thusly they decide to move to another work environment, looking for a superior open door where they can depict a superior impact on the business and its choices. This sort of the executives ends up being best in conditions where choices are should have been made on spot though if a totalitarian style of the board proceeds for a significant stretch of time, it can bring about an incredible cerebral pain for every one of those included. In t his manner it tends to be adequately utilized in settings including penitentiaries or military. Besides, another kind of the board style is law based administration style. In contrast with a dictatorial supervisor, a just administrator appreciates to impart the work to staff and relies upon their co-activity to get the work finished on schedule and effectively. This kind of the executives is the place representatives feel increasingly esteemed by their administrator and progressively engaged with the business procedure. This can be exceptionally valuable for the business as it can result it an expansion in inspiration where the staff’s work execution is far superior to in a totalitarian domain. As opposed to this, a weakness of this kind of the board is that the staff may feel that the chief is putting a lot of work on them and pushing them to try sincerely as he doesn't want to do it without anyone else's help. Besides, it tends to be very tedious as far as choices being mad e excessively moderate or the staff are sitting tight for affirmation by the chief until the subsequent stage can be continued which can defer the speed of the consummation of the work. Likewise for the chief as they are having to ceaselessly stop their fixation on their own work so as to respond to the team’s question. Additionally, another sort of the executives style is participative administration style. This sort includes the director picking up input from all the staff before arriving at any choice. The upside of this kind of the board is that by getting a concession to a significant choice may imply that those individuals concur that would not have in any case subsequently as opposed to being against the progressions that are being made, they consent to it. By and by, a drawback of this sort of the executives is that it can accept longer than expected as everyone’s conclusion is being heard before sending to the following stage. Moreover, if in spite of tuning in to the representatives point of view on the change; the chief despite everything chooses to tune in to their own sentiment without coordinating the criticism may imply that the staff feel that the supervisor doesn't esteem their assessment enough thus he is deciding to overlook it. Contrasting this with dictatorial andâ democ ratic the executives, this sort of the executives style is best in causing the group to feel progressively included and making it simpler for the staff to actualize towards all the progressions descending. It likewise functions admirably in circumstances where the business may need to conceptualize thoughts where cooperation can be helpful in thinking of new item thoughts or showcasing advancements. In conclusion, one final sort is free enterprise the executives style. In this administration the board style, the group are allowed to finish the activity or errand in any capacity they wish. Be that as it may, the director is still there to give any direction or answer to any inquiries the group may have. This is helpful in permitting the person to develop administration aptitudes which they can apply in future vocations. Then again, this can demonstrate to make strife among the representatives as one may feel that they can direct over others and make the presumption that they know jus t how the work ought to be finished. Reference †Study Manual, HND Hospitality Management, page 236-238 1.2 (P2) Authority qualities are what characterizes how a pioneer ought to be and what attributes they should comprise of so as to demonstrate that they are an adequate to assume the job as a pioneer. Likewise, a lot of abilities are additionally expected to help fabricate the qualities of a pioneer. Initially, relational aptitudes are expected to manufacture trust and regard of their gatherings which empowers the movement of work towards the accomplishments of its objectives. By having these arrangement of abilities, the pioneer can work through any troublesome relationship, keeping up harmony all through the business condition en route. Besides, they need to hold great listening aptitudes and can give productive input. Also, relational abilities is the place through talking, pioneers can exhibit the right capacity of keeping their staff persuaded and devoted. By tuning in, they would then be able to pose fitting inquiries so as to survey the staff’s comprehension of what they are pas sing on. Thirdly, values is indispensably significant as it depicts how the pioneer acknowledges the assorted variety of the workforce and how this assists with carrying a more extensive viewpoint to the association and making tremendous enhancements in each perspective. By regarding the staff and forestalling preference will communicate the pioneer with an elevated level of ethics bringing about being a good example for others to follow and the introduction of better pioneers. In addition, pioneers should likewise haveâ organisational awareness or information in this manner they comprehend what the association is meaning to accomplish and know all the targets behind these points. They are skilful and savvy in making plans inside the association to ensure the culmination of work by the gatherings and that all hindrances are broken to permit movement inside the business. Certainty is likewise significant for a pioneer to have so as to effectively take both well known and disliked choices with no dread or misery. The certainty will permit them to gain from their reactions to help them make improvement and movement in all fields of their vocation. Moreover, they can then perseveringly keep up a quiet way during crises and active occasions which can be compelling regarding helping inspiration for others around them as well. Furthermore, adaptability is another noteworthy trademark that each pioneer ought to have, to permit adjustments or modifications of their administration style to be made. This will assist with addressing the necessities and prerequisites of the current work setting. They should then have the option to work with various sorts of individuals in a group to help think of targets to the organisation’s objectives, regardless of whether a difference in center in required. Inventiveness abilities can be valuable for an innovator from various perspectives incorporating concocting interesting answers for issues and extensive responses to routine inquiries. An imaginative pioneer can significantly affect the association through creating inventive proposals and upgrades in all viewpoints. At that point they can likewise comprise of the capacity to decipher specialized data into more straightforward structure which is reasonable to everybody. At long last, every one of their attributes greatly affect accomplishing results. Their profound comprehension and information assists with building targets of the association and aft erward effectively apply them to the objectives which would then be able to be cultivated. Their presentation is at exclusive expectation which is advantageous for both the association and the employee’s inspiration. Employee’s inspiration is significant for all reasons as this will at that point bring about them being able to handle even the most inconceivable circumstances. Reference †Study Manual, HND Hospitality Management, page 239-241 1.3 (P3) Correspondence forms is the sharing of significant data between at least two individuals where the sender who starts a message to the recipient to whom the message is coordinated to. The key components associated with this processâ are the sender, recipient, message, setting, commotion and input. Compelling correspondence is when objective of the collector understanding the sender’s expected message is practiced. The sender is the source who starts the correspondence procedure and the collector is the other individual included. In dyadic correspondence or open talking, the channel whi

If Your Friend Has Generalized Anxiety Disorder

If Your Friend Has Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD Coping Print 4 Things to Avoid Saying to a Loved One With Generalized Anxiety Common Mistakes That Friends and Family Make By William Meek Updated on May 05, 2018 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Dougal Waters/Digital Vision/Getty Images If you have a loved one with struggling with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), you play an important role in helping that person feel supported and empowered to improve and become less anxious. But while you may have the best intentions, there are some mistakes people make in talking with someone with GAD that can actually make the loved one feel worse. The following is a list of common missteps that friends and family of those with GAD make, designed to help you avoid them. It can also be used in conjunction with the previous article on things you can do to help. 1. Don’t Say “Stop Worrying About It” One of the first impulses that friends have is to be protective of their anxious friend and try to take away his anxiety. Saying things like “it’s nothing to worry about, “stop worrying, or “it’s really not a big deal” often come off as patronizing and unsupportive. The person with GAD usually recognizes on some level that the worrying is stronger than it should be, but stopping it seems very hard. They know that their reactions are irrational, and having people comment on it can make them even more self-conscious and nervous. Instead, try saying and asking things like “how can I be helpful?,” “it’s OK, I’m here with you,” and “it sounds like this is really hard for you” instead. This shows you are there for them without any judgment. 2. Don’t Solve Problems After trying to take away anxiety and failing, you may find yourself wanting to switch into “problem-solving mode. This is when you attempt to constructively solve or remedy the stressful situation for your friend. While you may think youre assisting your friend, often it misses the mark on what could be most helpful, which is being emotionally supportive. Just because someone has GAD does not mean that they aren’t intelligent or able enough to solve their own dilemmas and the time spent trying to reduce anxiety via problem-solving ends up being wasted. Rather than launching into problem-solving, try taking a perspective that if you can be supportive and patient, your presence and understanding can often allow your friend to relax and work his problems out for himself. 3. Don’t Over-Function When both of the above fail, some friends, and family members will attempt to “over-function” as supports, where they begin to virtually take on some of their friend’s problems and center their lives on being helpers. Occasionally this can be necessary in extreme circumstances, but in large doses, it can foster dependence and can begin to take an emotional toll on the helping friend. It can make the person feel incompetent or untrustworthy, worsening their anxiety. Another way this occurs is when a friend essentially takes on a therapist role and attempts to treat the person. Instead of leaping into action, encourage the person to get help for GAD, and work collaboratively to manage problems and anxiety with the person when she wants to, not when you feel the need to. 4. Don’t Lose Your Patience Finally, it is easy for people who use any of the above-mentioned tactics to lose patience with their friend. GAD is a battle that some people will fight for many years and simply solving the latest dilemma is unlikely to change a greater underlying problem. Remain conscious of your role as a supportive friend, understand that your friend may be a “worrier” for a significant period of time, and make sure you utilize your own support system to avoid becoming stressed yourself.

Astronomy

Organ Transplants Should Not Be An Organ Donor Essay

Christmas is just around the corner. I m sure growing up there was a toy that you just had to have. How did you feel having to wait until Christmas morning to see if you got that toy? You might have felt anxious or hopeful. Well, that is exactly how the thousands of people who are on the national waiting list for organ transplants feel every minute of every day. However, instead of waiting for a toy, they are waiting for something they literally cannot live without. I am a registered donor and know people who have had organ transplants. There is a continuously increasing need for organ donors, and it is easy to become an organ donor. Today, I hope to persuade you all to become registered donors by explaining the need for more donors, what you can donate, and how you can become a donor. (First, why should you become a donor?) There is a huge need for organ donors. The people who need a transplant are put on a national waiting list that is kept by the United Network for Organ Sharing, also known as UNOS. According to UNOS, there are around 120,000 people in the country currently on the waiting list for organ transplant. One person is added to that waiting list every ten minutes. That means that by the time this class ends, about seven people will have been added to the list. However, the number of individuals on the waiting list continues to grow each year, while the number of donors and transplants grows slowly, as shown in this graph made by the U.S. Department ofShow MoreRelatedEssay On Organ Donation814 Words   |  4 Pages yet the process of organ donation and transplantation prolongs life. Problems with the supply and demand of viable organs lead to controversial topics and debates regarding solutions to suppress the gap between donors and recipients. One prevalent debate concerning these probl ems follows the question of whether to allow non-donors to receive organ transplants if needed even though they aren’t registered to donate their own organs. Although denying non-registered organ donors the possibility to receiveRead MoreOrgan Transplants : An Organization1486 Words   |  6 Pages Lizetth Gonzalez Mrs. Forsythe English 7-8 1B January 20, 2015 Organ Transplants Despite the fact that more than a million have signed up to become donors the number of donors is still nowhere near the number of people on waiting for transplants therefore, resulting in an average of eighteen deaths every day due to the shortage. (Pros) Keep in mind the amount of lives saved or restored when a single organ donor can save up to eight lives. In addition to saving lives and restoring broken lives, aRead MoreAn Emergency Room On A Calm Day1424 Words   |  6 Pagesexplain to the parents that the medical team discovered that Karly carried an organ donor card in her wallet. As a registered organ donor, Karly, in the unpropitious possibility of her death, elected to donate all of her surviving organs to those in need. Ultimately, she wanted one last chance to save someone’s life and change his world. Two situations could arise out of this predicament: Karly’s parents could deny organ donation or they could allow Karly’s sacrifice save someone elseâ €™s life. UltimatelyRead MoreEssay The Growing Need for Organ Donors1628 Words   |  7 Pages a love that can find expression in the decision to become an organ donor.† Pope John Paul II stated in the Address to International Congress on Transplants. In a culture of death and self-centeredness it is important to prompt the youth to consider becoming an organ donor. The number of people in need of a transplant is growing quickly, and already is at a large rate. Eighteen people will die each day waiting for an organ transplant; more must be done to help these people, yet it must be withinRead MoreOrgan Donation1090 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Why organ donation should be mandatory Audience: College Students General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade people to want to become an organ donor and the benefits of being one Proposition: You should become an organ donor Organizational Pattern: Statement of logical reasoning Introduction: Attention Getter: Organ donation is an amazing thing, saving many lives every year. Roughly 152,000 people die every day and 55 Million die each year yet, there is 116,000 peopleRead MorePersuasive Essay On Organ Donation1371 Words   |  6 PagesOrgans found on the black market are often taken from the body of an unwilling victim. People going about their business abducted and violated to make some extra cash, which could be obtained legally if compensation for donors were legal. In 2005, about one thousand two hundred people died waiting for a kidney transplant, something that could have been prevented if only there wasn’t an organ shortage. The shortage of organs can be tied to the financial devastation that organ donors often succumbRead MoreIs It Time For Rethinking America s Organ Transplant Law?1363 Words   |  6 Pages1B Professor Gurnett 27 January 2015 Is It Time to Reevaluate America s Organ Transplant Law? A woman sitting in a doctor’s office blankly stares at the wall in complete disbelief; she is frozen, motionless, trying to comprehend and process the wretched news that had just been disclosed to her. The doctor waits one minute before he begins talking again, and then informs her that she will be needing a kidney transplant. He places her on the waiting list behind thousands of other hopeful recipientsRead MoreThe Contribution Of An Organ Transplant1184 Words   |  5 Pages An organ transplant â€Å"is a surgical operation where a failing or damaged organ in the human body is removed and replaced with a new one† (Center for Bioethics). The first organ transplant was provided in 1954, where a kidney was taken from one identical brother to another, lasting for eight years. Eventually more successful organ transplants began to occur such as in 1962 the first cadaveric transplant was a success prolonging life for almost two years. In 1966 a successful liver transplant hadRead MoreEssay on Transplants 1423 Words   |  6 PagesTransplants How many times have you been in line to get a new drivers license and heard the clerk ask very plainly and without any real inflection of voice, would you like to be an organ donor? You don’t know if you should answer yes or no. What if you answered yes? What would you need to do to have your wishes fulfilled? I will inform of what you need to know to have your wishes carried out. Who can donate organs, and how many people are waiting in KY and Nationally for an organ transplantRead MoreOrgan Donation : A Transplant1141 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Organ donation is the surgical process of providing one or more organs to be used for transplantation into another person. Organ donors can be deceased or living† (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016, p. 1). The very first successful organ transplant was a kidney transplant performed in 1954. By the late 1960’s they were successfully transplanting livers, hearts and pancreases. Lung and intestinal transplants came shortly after in the 1980’s. At this very second 121,574 people are

A Visit of Charity Free Essays

Hope Biggs Character Analysis Paper Dr. Brookter January 22, 2013 No Charity, No Change Charity is defined as a voluntary giving of help and generosity especially towards the needy or suffering. This small simple word conveys a much bigger meaning, one of compassion and selflessness. We will write a custom essay sample on A Visit of Charity or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the story, â€Å"A Visit of Charity† the true act of charity seems to be missing. It is as if the main pieces of the puzzle are missing. The story has framework but lacks the compassion and selflessness needed to bring it to life. The reality is, charity never came to visit. The story is about a young teenage girl, Marion, who in order to gain points for her Campfire Girl Club must visit the Old Ladies Home. By simply buying a potted plant and taking it to one of the residents, she gained three points but she can earn extra points for bringing her bible and reading it to the residents. Marion brings only a plant. (Welty 111) â€Å"A Visit of Charity† begins by describing the cold winter day and a description of the nursing home, â€Å"a whitewashed brick and reflected the winter sunlight like a block of ice† (Welty 111). This description alone not only describes the buildings appearance but also is descriptive of the coldness and the lack of feeling for the elderly. Marion is no different. No thought was put into what might be helpful and useful for the residents, like toiletries, socks, or even food. Instead her only preparation for the visit was buying the potted plant. It is a clear indication of her selfishness and a reflection of a society that does not value its elderly. Her main concern is in getting points because she brings a potted plant. No real thought is put into who to give it to or who might actually enjoy it. She receives more than she gives and this reveals a true character flaw in Marion. Repeatedly in this story she reveals a selfishness and lack of connectivity to anything or anyone that does not benefit her. This is evident when Marion tells the nurse, â€Å"I have to pay a visit to some old ladies† (Welty 111). And when she is asked if she knows any of them, Marion states, â€Å"no but that is, any of them will do† (Welty 111). The use of â€Å"some† and â€Å"any† are evidenced that she has no interest in where she is or whom she will meet. There has been no preparation or thought of who could benefit from her visit other herself. In addition, either out of fear or self-preservation, Marion’s views the two old women not as people but as animals and birds. She refers as to one as having a â€Å"bleating† sound of a sheep and the other as having a â€Å"birds claw†. Her descriptions of the women are reflective of disrespect for older people. In a sense she dehumanizes them as to not see their real needs or pains. Sensory deprivation is often seen in older adults that lack stimulation and human contact. Older adults who are confined to a nursing home often lose track of time, place, and person. Joseph Casciani, a geropsychologist, stated in an article about sensory loss, â€Å"Added restrictions, such as confinement to bed or Geri-chair, increases the risk (of sensory deprivation). † But the old ladies are not the only ones experiencing sensory deprivation. Marion has difficulty answering the old women’s questions and to her surprise â€Å"Marion cannot remember her name† (Welty 111). It would be nice to believe that Marion’s lack of response was evidence of a tiny bit of empathy towards these old ladies but it is doubtful. Marion is oblivious to the older lady’s needs; her thoughts are only of herself and her desire to escape. Time stands still and the tiny room closes in on her. She realizes that the doors are closed and at one point she contemplates if she were to get sick, would they let her leave? Her only sign of compassion comes when she is told of Addie’s birthday and she asks her how old she is. Addie’s response is to cry, possibly from the realization that she is spending her birthday alone with her roommate, a stranger, and isolated from anyone else. Or maybe she cried because she actually thought Marion cared. Regardless, Marion’s compassion was short lived. It is a mirror image of our present day society and our seemingly short attention span to the needs and hurts of our elderly. Brief encounters, brief awareness, but little intervention, and no real change. Clearly, all that Marion has encountered is a bit too much for her. Her lack of forethought and preparation of what to bring is also carried over in lack of planning on what she would do or say while she was there. Her thoughts quickly move to how she can escape without physical contact from either of the two old women. The harsh realities of life close in and she quickly escapes into the hallway with one of the old women following her begging for a penny, â€Å"Oh, little girl, have you a penny to spare for a poor old women that’s not got anything of her own? We don’t have a thing in the world-not a penny for candy-not a thing! Little girl, just a nickel-a penny? †(Welty 111). Her mind was only on escape, her ears may have heard what the old woman was saying but her heart did not respond to the need. Marion was out of her comfort zone and her one desire was to get back in it as quickly as possible. The same can be said for our generation that ignores the cry of our elderly. To truly see and respond to their needs, readers must get out of their comfort zones. We have become a generation that has found value in the selfishness of our own desires instead of the needs of the greatest generation that gave sacrificially for the freedoms we now enjoy. Marion may have escaped the discomfort of the Old Ladies Home but the could not escape the knowledge of the harsh realities that she witnessed there. At the end of the story a red apple appears. It is uncertain what the apple symbolizes and how it pertains to the story. One can merely speculate to its importance. In biblical times the apple was symbolic of the knowledge of good and evil. This shows the evidence, â€Å"When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable  for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband,  who was with her, and he ate it. † (New International Version, Genesis 3:6). An apple was given to Adam to eat and when he did his whole life changed. It is quite possible the apple represents that once we have the knowledge of another’s needs but we fail to act on it, then we are no different than any other evil generation. With knowledge comes responsibility. â€Å"A Visit of Charity† is a story that sends a message to our society. What will we do with the knowledge once we discover it? We are clearly a generation that has unlimited access to all kinds of information and knowledge. But with knowledge must come responsibility and that requires that we get out of our comfort zones and meet the needs of the less fortunate and the hurting. Otherwise we are a generation of Marion’s who think only of themselves and lack the character to change not only their own destiny, but anyone else, as well. Work Cited Welty, Eudora. â€Å"A Visit of Charity. † Making Literature Matter. Ed. John Schilb, John Clifford. New York: 2012. 55-56. Print. Casciani, Joseph. â€Å"Sensory Touch in Older Adults- Taste, Smell Touch – Behavioral Approaches for Caregivers†. Ezine Articles. com. April 9, 2008. Web. January 16, 2013. Zondervan NIV Study Bible. Ed. Kenneth L. Barker. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002. Print. How to cite A Visit of Charity, Papers

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 5 Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, Huck considers himself to be an nescient sap, and an over all bad individual that should be looked down upon. However, through out his narrative, without of all time recognizing it, Huck manages to populate through many unbelievable advetures, and commit unselfish Acts of the Apostless that would see him to be a true hero. It could even be taken to the extent that Huck Finn lived a more down to earth version of Homer s Odyssey. After all, they are both narratives of a dependable individual traveling through the biggest escapades of their lives, while confronting certain types of monsters, while utilizing their inventiveness in order to get away many obstructions. Tho merely chief difference in this is the fact that while Odysseus faced more fabulous challenges, Huck braved through the challenges of his modern society, and the types of people in it. But even so, one could easy state that Huckleberry Finn made about the exact same journey as Odysseus, with a somewhat modern turn added to it. To get down, both characters have logical thinkings behind their journeys as to why they start it. Odysseus began his sea edge escapade because of the fact that he was allowed his freedom from Calypso, who has been keeping him confined in hopes of turning him into her hubby. So Odysseus is allowed to put canvas back to his fatherland. Huck set out his escapade because he was trying to get away from his drunken Pap, who was keeping him confined in order to acquire money. Huck manages to get away on a raft, and set canvas. At the terminal of Huck s escapade, he does in fact terminal up in what will be his place. The two scenario s are similar for many grounds. For illustration, both Huck and Odysseus are being held prisoner for one ground or another. Calypso desiring Odysseus for a hubby is merely similar Pap desiring Huck for his money. To ad d on to this point, both of them manage to get away throught the usage of a raft. The lone difference there is the fact that Odysseus is puting canvas through the seas, while Huck takes on his escapade through the Mississsippi River. Following in comparing between the two narratives would be the usage of monsters x used throught out the escapades. In The Odyssey, Odysseus is forced into battles and challenges that mostly deal with monsters, such as the Cyclops, which is a elephantine, individual ruddy eyed animal with the organic structure of a human. Odysseus is trapped with some of his work forces in a cave with the Cyclops, who eats several of them, and attempts to kill the others. While it sleeps, Odysseus stabs the Cyclops oculus, which blinds the tremendous animal. However, it still is alive and continues its efforts to pin down and kill Odysseus and his work forces. Odysseus manages to gull the Cyclops with his ability to believe rapidly, and drives on the abdomen of one of the Cyclops sheep in order to get away. Huck Finn uses similar speedy thought to get the better of his ain version of Cyclops, his Pap. This would be in chapter six, where Pap goes into a drunken craze, and efforts to catch Huck and kil l him. During this, Huck makes several mentions to Pap s eyes, by stating that he is.blind rummy, x ( page 28 ) , and so says, . I neer see a adult male expression so wild in the eyes x ( page 28 sic ) . Fourtunately, Pap passes out before he can kill Huck. From at that place, Huck grabs his Pap s gun and aims it right at Pap, but falls asleep without of all time really hiting him. The following forenoon, Pap wakes Huck, taking the gun from him, and so asks why Huck had the gun. Huck, through his usage of speedy thought, says, .Somebody tried to acquire in, so I was puting for him, x ( page 30 ) and fools his male parent. These two state of affairss compare in both Odysseus and Huck s similar revelance to one another. First, it shows their ability to believe rapidly in a tight state of affairs in order to get away under force per unit area. Odysseus flights by believing to sit the sheep s belly, where the Cyclops can non make them. Huck usese this speedy thought by stating his male parent a prevarication, that person was outside and needed the gun for protection in instance of an onslaught. Next would be the heavy similarity between Huck s Pap and the Cyclops. They are both locking the two storytellers into a infinite that they believe that the storytellers can non interrupt free from ( and in both instances, the heroes break free ) . Nex would be how Huck describes his Pap s eyes, about as if Pap were the Cyclops. When Huck says.blind rummy, x it is about a mention to the fact that Odysseus blinds the Cyclops. Another point of attending made toward Pap s eyes is when Huck says how wild they are. It is the fact that Pap s bibulous craze is much like the Cyclops barbarian behaviour. They merely major difference between the two is that the Cyclops is fabulous, and Pap is a much more realistic character. Already is the fact that both Odysseus and Huck are held against their ain will in the beginning of their narratives. Every clip they manage to get away , they end up being trapped once more subsequently. The first clip Odysseus is trapped is in the beginnning of his narrative, where he is being held confined by Calypso, who wants to do him her hubby. Although, this compares strongly to Pap keeping Huck catpive for money, it besides compares to the really beginning of the narrative, where Huck is populating with Widow Douglas, where Huck says, .She took me in for her boy, and allowed she would sivilize me. x ( page 1 sic ) Of class, merely like Odysseus was found hankering for freedom by Hermes, Huck shows his yearning for flight and freedom by stating, .When I couldn t stand it no longer I lit out. I got into my old shred and my sugar hogshead once more, and was free and satisfied. ten ( page 1 ) The logical thinking behind both characters being held surety is similar. Calypso wants to get married Odysseus, which is much like how the Wodow Douglas wants Huck to be civilized. Either manner would be a alteration in life style for both . Traveling by sea is another strong similarity used through out the narratives. Not merely the fact that both start off going on a little raft or canoe, but the fact that they are both thrown into danger while on their vass. In The Odyssey, Odysseus work forces are punished for eating The Cattle of the Sun, by being thrown into a sudden storm. where Odysseus is thrown overboard, and narrowly flights. This is much like Huck s run in with a ferryboat. It comes right out of nowhere, merely like the sudden storm. When it hits, Huck is thrown overboard, and is forced to swim for shore. Huck even describes the ferryboat as if it were a narrative by stating, .she was a large one, and she was coming in a haste excessively, looking like a black cloud with rows of glowworms around it ; but all of a sudden she bulged out, large and chilling. ten ( page 93 ) Another similarity is the company of some existent bad misanthropists they end up with. Odysseus, though out his narrative, is stuck with the crew of his ship, who are avaricious, self centered work forces. They are the 1s who looked into the bag of air currents, which threw their ships manner off class. They besides ended up eating the sacred cowss after being warned non to, which causes Odysseus to be thrown off of his ship during the violent storm. These work forces are related to Huck s ain unwelcome company, The Kind and Duke. These are two work forces who are wholly filled with greed, and continually victimize individual after individual for their ain demands. The best illustration of this would be when the two work forces con an full town by feigning to be the Wilks brothers. They do this by achieving information by acquiring a minor, Alexander Blodgett, who gives them an full narrative about two English brothers ( one s a sermonizer, and the other deaf ) , who are inheritors to a great luck, but live in England. The Wilks brothers were sent notice of their other brothers decease, and so far have non arrived. Should they so would be remaining with their brothers girls, Mary Jane, Susan, and Joanna. So with this new information, The Duke and King take Huck and Jim, the runaway slave, to the town, and feign to be the Wilks brothers, and con everybody in it, while selling all of the belongings, and trying to take the full luck. When Huck describes precisely how he feels about them, he says, .It was adequate to do a organic structure ashamed to the human race. ten ( page 160 ) The Duke and King are related with Odysseus crew because of the fact that they merely do non hold any ethical motives. When both groups know that there is a certain danger in what they are making, they still go for what they can acquire. This is shown in The Odyssey through the feeding of sacred cowss, and in Huck Finn, through the Duke and King go oning their con over the Wilks girls, even though they have already gotten enough more so they would really necessitate for rather a piece. Over all, either of the groups behaviour is as though they are the house guests that merely will non go forth and over stay their welcome. Another strong relationship between both narratives would be how both Huck and Odysseus hold a certain trueness to the individual that they care the most about in ther narratives. Odysseus had a married woman, named Penenlope, who was in his fatherland, which he was seeking to make. Despite many enticements, like when the Princess of the Phaeacians asks him to get married her and go a King, Odysseus keeps on tralveling place in order to see his married woman. This is similar to Huck s relationship with Jim, the runaway slave. At one point in the narrative, Huck is given a opportunity of populating a really good life with a feuding household, the Grangerford s. They live in what they consider to be a really flush life style, and offer Huck to remain with them every bit long as he wanted. He is thrilled by the offer, and enjoys how friendly they are, but after Buck Grangerford s decease in a little conflict, Huck departs to the raft to seek his friend where Jim is waiting.

Effects of stress on physical health

Introduction Stress forms an integral part of our daily life despite negative notions people have developed against it. According to Wein (2000), stress ensures that the body functions optimally particularly when responding to adverse situations. He further explains that the flight or fight response guarantees individual’s safety since the body is able to react swiftly to the changes in environmental conditions. However, chronic exposure to stress may pose adverse effects to one’s physical health.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effects of stress on physical health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To begin with, stress has been known to suppress immune system thereby increasing the body’s susceptibility to infections (Wein, 2000). Moreover, stress triggers the onset of heart diseases as well as high blood pressure thus subjecting an individual to health risks. Finally, stress is asso ciated with a variety of health problems including backaches, stomachaches, pain, headaches, diarrhea, loss of sleep as well as weight gain (Wein, 2000). Chronic exposure to stress lowers the body’s immune system thereby reducing its ability to respond to invaders such as viruses or bacteria. It is therefore important for individuals to know their stress limits in an attempt to effectively manage stress. Health effects of stress Psychological stress triggers the physical symptoms as well as onset of various illnesses in the body. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about ninety percent of all diseases and illnesses are stress-related (Wein, 2000). Chronic stress interferes with the normal functioning of the body systems. At the outset, chronic stress suppresses the immune system, elevates blood pressure, and increases cardiac risk as well as stroke. Effects of stress on the immune system When the body is subjected to stressful conditions, stress hormones such as cortisol hormones are released by the pituitary and adrenal glands so as to initiate the stress response in the body. Such response is vital since both the brain and immune system can communicate to ensure effective stress management. However, such communication may be disrupted when one is exposed to chronic stress thereby suppressing the immune system. This would pave way for stress-related illnesses to attack the body. In such situations, stress hormones are persistently pumped into the blood thereby lowering the fighting ability of immune cells. According to Niess et al (2002), prolonged psychological stress suppresses immune system by reducing the macrophages, CD8+ lymphocytes as well as NK cells. This exposes the body to various infections. Effects of stress on the heart The heart functions best at certain levels of stress. However, chronic stress may lead to adverse effects on the heart performance thus posing cardiac risks. Stressors trigger cardiac events including pathophysiological changes such as myocardial infarction and ischemia, abnormalities associated with the wall motion, sudden death as well as changes in heart regulation (Soufer, 2004).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Deepa, Pradeep, Mohan (2001) argue that when an individual is exposed to psychological stress, there is a speedy increase in blood pressure as well as heart rate following an increase in sympathetic response and plasma epinephrine. Such heightened sympathetic nerve response poses high cardiac risks as oxygen demands increases. Heightened psychosocial stress may also aggravate myocardial ischemia (Soufer, 2004). According to Niess et al (2002), psychological stress triggers myocardial ischemia in individuals with recognized cardiovascular disease. They further assert that individuals with abnormalities in wall motion as well as negative personality traits have increased cardiac risks and even death. Deepa, Pradeep, Mohan (2001) argue that the development of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction is preceded by chronic levels of psychological factors an individual is exposed to. Besides, mental stress also induces cardiovascular illnesses through vasoconstriction of the coronary vessels. Psychological stress may trigger recurrence of medical events in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. Finally, psychological stress is also associated with induction of atherosclerosis by thickening the coronary artery (Deepa, Pradeep, Mohan, 2001). Macleod et al (2002) argue that heightened stress affects health through neuroendocrine mechanism as well as unhealthy behavior among individuals in the population. They however, cite bias reporting as some of the reasons why such associations may not be accurate (Macleod et al, 2002). Effects of stress on the intestinal epithelia as well as neuroendocrine system The stress-induced i nteractions between the immune and the neuroendocrine systems may lead to changes in the physiologic functions of intestinal epithelium thereby stirring up relapses in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (Niess et al, 2002). According to the scientists such occurrence is possible because stress induces the production of neuropepetides such as tachykinins well as cytokines. The interaction between the neuronal and immune system is facilitated by the corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) that is found in the nuclei of the brain cells. Recent studies have shown that activation of CRF receptors in the brain nuclei mediates the stress-induced intonation of gastrointestinal functions. The normal epithelial functions are hindered when the body is subjected to either acute or chronic stress. Such interruptions in the epithelial functions may lead to mucosal inflammation thereby resulting into the clinical manifestation of IBD.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effects of stress on physical health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion It is noteworthy that stress is an important factor in our day-to-day life. Stress prepares an individual by initiating responses aimed at protecting the body against perceived threats. Such body response involving either fighting or fleeing from the danger zone guarantees the safety of an individual. However, chronic exposure to stress may be harmful to the body. Prolonged exposure to stress suppresses immune system thereby making the body prone to infections. Such chronic stress has been associated with the development of cardiovascular illnesses including blood pressure as well as heart disease. Research shows that almost ninety percent of all diseases are stress-induced. Stress management strategies as well as stress reduction methods including relaxation, exercise and meditation are vital procedures in curbing stress-related diseases. Reference List Deepa R., Pradeep R., Mohan V. (2001). Role of Psychological Stress in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Diab Dev Ctries; 21:121-4. Web. Macleod, J., Davey-Smith, G., Heslop, P., Metcalfe, C., Carroll, D., Hart, C., (2002).  Psychological stress and cardiovascular disease: Empirical demonstration of bias in a prospective observational study of Scottish men. British Medical Journal, 324(7348), 1247-1252. Web. Niess, J., Monnikes, H., Dignass, A., Klapp, B., Arck, P., (2002).  Review of the influence of stress on immune mediators, neuropeptides and hormones with relevance for inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion: International Journal of Gastroenterology, 65(3), 131-140. Web. Soufer, R. (2004). Neurocardiac interaction during stress-induced myocardial ischemia: How does the brain cope? Circulation, 110(13), 1710-1713. Web. Wein, H. (2000). Stress and Disease: New Perspectives. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Niess, J. H., Monnikes, H, Dignass, A. U., Klapp, B. F., Arck, P. C. (2002). Review of the influence of stress on immune mediators, neuropeptides and hormones with relevance for inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion: International Journal of Gastroenterology, 65(3), 131-140. Macleod, J., Davey-Smith, G., Heslop, P., Metcalfe, C., Carroll, D., Hart, C. (2002). Psychological stress and cardiovascular disease: Empirical demonstration of bias in a prospective observational study of Scottish men. British Medical Journal, 324(7348), 1247-1252. This research paper on Effects of stress on physical health was written and submitted by user Jerry Moore to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Effects of Stress on Physical Health Man has had to deal with numerous challenges as far as remaining healthy is concerned. Researchers have been able to identify several causes of health problems among human beings and most of them have grave consequences. Stress has been singled out by most investigators as being one of the major causes of both physical and emotional health problems (Niess, Monnikes, Dignass, Klapp, Arck, 2002). This has been escalated by the frequent hassles, frustrations, and demands in the day to day life experiences. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effects of Stress on Physical Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Attempts to handle all these challenges may end up being overwhelming hence creating a general imbalance in an individual. Reasonable levels of stress have been clinically determined as being helpful particularly when faced with a challenging task like a presentation, examination situation, and deadline s since one becomes alert, energetic, and at full concentration. However, reliable studies have established that extreme/chronic levels of stress can be destructive to a person’s physical and emotional health thus affecting the general productivity, relationships, as well as the quality of the person’s life in general. The research paper will explore the various effects of stress on an individual’s health. According to many research findings, prolonged incidences of stress can have serious impacts on an individual’s health. Extreme levels of stress have the capacity of disrupting virtually the entire body system and its functions. Among other effects, stress can increase the rate of heart beat, paralyze the immune system, the risk of heart attack and stroke, affect a person’s fertility, and raise the general levels of fatigue and aging rate. A research conducted by Hapuarachchi, Chalmers, Winefield, and Blake-Mortimer (2003) found that high level s of oxidative stress, a pro-inflammatory state, high infection rate, and cardiovascular diseases were mostly due to stress. Hapuarachchi and the team also established that homocysteine, and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) may lead to cardiovascular infections. They arrived at these conclusions after investigating the relationships that may exist between stress and homocysteine, oxidative stress and CRP. High levels of CRT and increased levels of pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory states increase the levels of psychological stress (Hapuarachchi et al., 2003). The study findings further indicate that the levels of anger can be influenced by the levels of homocysteine.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A similar investigation was done by Macleod, Smith, Heslop, Metcalfe, Carroll and Hart (2002) with the objective of finding out the association between self reported psychological stress and cardiovascular disease. The researchers engaged Scottish men only with follow up of about 21 years. According to the research findings by Macleod et al., there is greater relationship between higher stress, angina, and some of the hospital admissions (2002). However, critical analyses of the findings in relation to heart disease findings have revealed the impact of reporting bias. Psychological stress, among other psychosocial factors, has been identified by many researchers as playing a role in determining heart-related diseases. This is because stress affects the neuroendocrine mechanisms and cause unhealthy behavior in the victim (Macleod et al., 2002). Research findings reveal that there is a strong relationship between self reported stress and self reported signs and symptoms of coronary heart disease. Furthermore, there is a relationship between stress and the number of admissions to hospitals for psychiatric disorders. The correlation between higher levels of stress and angina was also found to be positive. The findings were considered to be under the great influence of reporting bias from the participants leading to high tendency of spurious conclusions as far as psychosocial constructs and health outcomes are concerned (Macleod et al., 2002). It is this critical evaluation of research findings that has helped in the quest for more objective investigations of the association between stress and health outcomes. Most recent researches have made attempts to investigate the effects of stress on the mental stability of an individual. Robert Soufer, a renowned stress researcher, studied how the brain copes with neurocardiac interaction during stress-induced myocardial ischemia (2004). According to Soufer, the administration of acute mental stress can provoke myocardial ischemia in persons with coronary artery disease (CAD). A person’s brain is responsible for coordinating memory ability and hence determines an individualâ⠂¬â„¢s vulnerability to the cardiovascular manifestation of emotional stress. In deed, the brain’s neurochemical pathways associated with inappropriate fear and anxiety are responsible for cardiovascular effects of stress. In some instances, the brain may trigger inappropriate responses to various stimuli resulting in stress/fear which in turn affects the person’s physical health (Soufer, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effects of Stress on Physical Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from investigating the role of stress in heart-related health problems, researchers have also sought to find out the influence of stress on immune system of an individual. Niess et al. (2002) conducted a study on the role of stress on immunological diseases and related health problems. For a long time, stress has been known to significantly influence the continued inflammatory bowel disease. The researchers’ intention was to find out the validity of this belief. Earlier studies have found that stress greatly affects the immune system. The neuroendocrine system as well as the intestinal epithelia is also known to be escalated by stress. More so, stress has been known to initiate the discharge of pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines and neuropeptides which include tachykinins (Niess et al., 2002). It is widely believed that if the neuroendocrine system interacts with the immune system, the intestinal epithelium may be affected resulting in the stimulation of IBD relapses. Prior studies have strongly associated the cause of relapses of ulcerative colitis to stress. The research by Niess and colleagues had the objective of finding out the significance of psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) approach as far as the pathogenesis of IBD is concerned(2002). A number of studies have traced how stress affects the immune system to the ability of stress to alter the body’s immu nological orientation, particularly by affecting the distribution of lymphocytes and the synthesis of cytokines. Stress can also affect other mediators and mechanisms, such as the neurotransmitters, the hormones, and other immune cells which in turn lead to imbalance in the entire body. It is the various body systems that are responsible for responding to and balancing the otherwise extreme (chronic) levels of stress (Niess et al., 2002). The review done by Niess and his team helps in concluding that stress plays an important role in the emergence of several immunological diseases; the immune and the nueroendocrine systems. The research paper has explored the various effects of stress on the physical health of an individual. Stress has far-reaching effects, such as causing or enhancing cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, and myocardial ischemia. The paper has also explored the effects of stress on the immune system and the neuroendocrine system. Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many researchers agree that chronic stress plays a significant role in some of the health problems that people encounter from time to time. It can be concluded that the findings on the effects of stress on the physical and emotional health of people are still varied and complex and further objective studies must therefore be carried out if meaningful conclusions are to be reached. References Hapuarachchi, J. R., Chalmers, A. H., Winefield, A. H., Blake-Mortimer, J. S. (2003). Changes in clinically relevant metabolites with psychological stress parameters. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 52-59 Macleod, J., Smith, G. D., Heslop, P., Metcalfe, C., Carroll, D., Hart, C. (2002). Psychological stress and cardiovascular disease: empirical demonstration of bias in a prospective observational study of Scottish men. British Medical Journal, 324: 1247-51 Niess, J. H., Monnikes, H., Dignass, A. U., Klapp, B. F., Arck, P. C. (2002). Review on the influence of stress on immune mediators, n europeptides and hormones with relevance for inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion, 65, 131-140 Soufer, R. (2004). Neurocardiac interaction during stress-induced myocardial ischemia: how does the brain cope? Circulation, 1710-1712. American Heart Association, Inc. This research paper on Effects of Stress on Physical Health was written and submitted by user Lyric Schneider to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Affirmative Action is Racism

Affirmative Action is Racism Free Online Research Papers Affirmative action refers to a collection of policies intended to promote access to education and employment for minorities and women. In an attempt to guarantee such opportunities, government enforced and voluntary programs impose an assortment of racial criteria on businesses, public offices and universities. Compliance with these programs can often cost hundreds of thousands of dollars in legal and consultant fees as well as significant opportunity costs when organizations are forced make decisions based on race and gender instead of merit. The underlying evil of all affirmative action programs is that individuals are categorized by their race. This principle inevitably prolongs racism. This is why an anxiety of appearing racist amongst white males is very common in the United States compared to their European counterparts, and why corporations desperately seek to present themselves as non-discriminating and careers are shattered by unjust accusations of racism. Affirmative Action hurts employers There are two kinds of jobs affected by affirmative action policies. The first are employment opportunities which seek individuals who possess a minimum set of skills. Some examples include factory workers, cashiers and food service workers. Such affirmative action policies make it more difficult for individuals from non-protected groups to be considered for a position. Another kind of employment opportunity seeks the best possible candidate for the job. This category includes professorships, managerial and engineering jobs. In order to avoid the appearance of racism, consultancy groups may reluctantly employ an analyst who they know will not produce as many great ideas, hospitals may reluctantly employ a surgeon who they know will not be as effective in the ER, and universities will admit students who they know will not be as diligent. Because employment opportunities are given to less qualified, there will be less remaining opportunities awarded to the most qualified. Thus, applicants who don’t belong to a legally protected â€Å"under-represented† group compete for fewer positions and therefore face more exclusive standards for selection. As many high school graduates know, SAT scores and GPA requirements for admission to the most competitive of universities are seemingly higher for students of East Asian or East Indian descent. A high school student with a below average academic record is likely to be a below average college student. Thus, students admitted through minority recruiting programs often end up in remedial classes with mediocre academic performance. Through simple cause and effect, affirmative action programs prolong the stereotype of minority students finishing near the bottom of their class by encouraging enrollment in universities beyond an appropriate level of difficulty. According to a federal study, just 39% of enrolled black students finish their degrees compared to 54% of white students. 2 Attending a university where the pace of learning is too difficult is just as counterproductive as attempting to lift too much weight at the gym. The insistence on relaxed admission standards for minority students insinuates that such students are incapable of succeeding without such programs. This insult casts a permanent doubt on the real achievements of high-achieving minorities. Affirmative Action must end Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. dreamed that one day we would live in a society where individuals would be judged by their character and not the color of their skin. The affirmative action policies of today are both unnecessary and detrimental to minority success. Moreover, they are significant barriers to the establishment of a racially-blind meritocratic society. Justice for all requires the end of affirmative action. Research Papers on Affirmative Action is RacismStandardized TestingWhere Wild and West MeetOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionEffects of Television Violence on Children

Wealth and Industrial Attractiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wealth and Industrial Attractiveness - Essay Example This is followed by acquiring valuable materials. However, majority of the people makes wealth through coming up with a budget and different estimates of what they want to acquire and setting up a plan to achieve it. For instance, they come up with a budget on how to develop a concept and sell it to other people for money. After getting money, they diversify their investments in order to reduce the risks and uncertainties associated with inventing in one sector. With time these people are able to acquire valuable materials. Business environment is critical in the success of any business. Economic, social, political, environmental, legal, and technological components dictate how the customers, local administration, and the business interact. This is through creating a platform for the business to make profits without interference from external forces. Therefore, these components can be useful in acting as parameters to measure whether an investment in the industry can return the initial capital and make profits which are

Cryptography Application Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cryptography Application Methods - Research Paper Example This led to the emergence of debit and credit cards whose applications have since become widespread. This age of information has witnessed the emergence of cryptography a major protection method of applications. This paper will investigate some of the application methods of cryptography together with the systems application in a college university. In a university setup, cryptography has applications in ensuring secrecy in storage, integrity in transmission, authentication of identity and integrity in storage. The maintenance of the secrecy in storage requires a one key system whereby the user is responsible for the provision of the computer key at the start of the session. After this, the computer takes care of the decryption and encryption during the entire course of its normal use. Indeed, there are numerous hardware devices for automatic encryption of personal computers of all the information that the disk stores. Upon turning on a computer, a user must provide the encryption hardware with a key. Otherwise, the information will be meaningless even in the event that the hard disk is stolen. However, secrecy in storage is not without problems. In an event that the user forgets the key, then the encryption information become unusable. Apparently, encryption only occurs while the information is in storage and not when it is in use. The electronic money transfer has the danger of invasion by criminals who can tap a system and make false transfers. However, to realize integrity in the transfer of funds, there is need to perform an information checksum before submitting it in the form of encryption. Upon the receipt of this encrypted information, another checksum takes place for comparison after decryption. An agreement of the checksum is an indication that an alteration had occurred to the message. Forging this kind of information is easy. Since a lot of publications and intellectual works occur in universities, integrity in the

Critical Analysis of Leadership Theories and Assessing Links

Critical Analysis of Leadership Theories and Assessing Links An organization is comprised of a large set of individuals, working together to attain a specified common goal. The concrete organisational framework is based upon specified values and positive culture escorted by charismatic leaders that are required to comprehend their roles and responsibilities towards both the employees and the organisation. A positive work environment is comprised of intellectual and enigmatic leaders that believe in empowering employees and appreciate their active participation in the progression of the company (Balain, and Sparrow 2009, p. 227). The concept of leadership is generated to monitor the behavioural patterns of employees including and motivate them to enhance their loyalty towards the organisation. The behavioural patterns of employees greatly vary depending upon their individual circumstances and therefore, it is extremely crucial for the leaders to develop an empathetic approach towards resolving the issues of employees and to inspire them for eff ective contribution to achieve the organisational objectives. It is the responsibility of the organisational leaders to develop challenging but achievable goals and boost the team spirit amongst the employees to achieve maximum organisational productivity (Knight, Durham and Locke 2001, p. 329). There could be diverse range of motivational factors that might influence an individuals conviction and the effective leaders have the ability to single out those factors to persuade the employees to enhance organisational growth and maximise its productivity (Choi 2006, p. 26). This paper is intended to analyse the role of leadership and employee motivation in long term organisational success by critical evaluation of the theoretical underpinnings of the subject. The idea is to reflect the behavioural patterns of both the leaders and employees by recognizing the need for employee motivation and understanding the role of leaders to optimistically incite the employees in the best interest of the organisation (Knight, Durham and Locke 2001, p. 335). The main objective of this paper is to explicate the functional features of an organisation in which the role of leadership becomes extremely significant in order to develop smart employee motivational strategies to ensure their satisfaction and thereby, producing constructive employees attitudes to preserve long term organisational success. ROLE OF LEADERSHIP IN ORGANISATIONAL SUCCESS Routine official work environment has several challenges and issues which are required to be sorted with sheer intelligence and determination. Organisational structure is extremely complex including diverse nature of employees and therefore, the role of leader becomes extremely significant to maintain a positive and constructive workplace (Hamlin 2002). The most integral aspect of a leaders personality is the understanding towards responsibilities and willingness to combat with difficulties and challenges. Not all managers can become effective leaders (Knight, Durham and Locke 2001, p. 335) as the complex organisational structure and diversity of employees makes it difficult to realize the dynamics of key motivating factors that facilitate in enhanced organisational productivity. The globalised work environment of today is comprised of organisations having employees coming from different backgrounds, speaking diversified languages and competent in varying range of skills and therefor e, leaders today, are not just required to focus on task accomplishment but must also address the employees expectations by engaging them as effectively contributing member of the organisation. Employees look upon their organisational leaders as a coach who enables them to understand and perform their task in correct manner (Hamlin 2002). Employees expect their leaders to effectively communicate and direct them to prevail over the work-related issues and obstacles by motivational skills. The concept of leadership is based upon the combination of personality, ideologies, intellect, motivation and trust (Balain, and Sparrow 2009, p. 228). Organisations endeavour fiscal growth and productivity which can be achieved by progressive employees followed by a charismatic leader. It is significant for the organisational leaders to recruit maximum number of followers and for that, leaders through their personal charm, ideologies and intellect gain trust of employees and motivate them to accomp lish organisational goals (Kaplan and Norton 2004, p. 37). Long term organisational success is highly dependent upon leadership and employee motivation. It has been studied that, in order to achieve long-term organisational success, leaders are required to gain trust of employees and motivate them (Baldoni, 2005, p. 175). The distinct qualities encompassing excellence in performance and management skills ascertain the organisational leaders. The ability to envision, empathise, and empower are the three core components that determine the charismatic attribute of a leader. Envisioning behaviour of a leader influences other organisational members by stimulating a need to accomplish and the empathic behaviour facilitate the followers to gel with their leader based on ideological affiliations (Choi, 2006, p. 41). ANALYISING THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP Leaders are the symbol of ideologies that are followed by others and organisations acquire tremendous growth and success by integrating charismatic leadership within their work environment. Interaction of leaders with the followers tends to develop a positive and highly motivated work environment which eventually results in the organisational success (Pratti et al, 2003, p. 27). The six most integral leadership theories have been critically analysed to understand the reasons behind advanced performance levels which enhances the economic and organisational strength. Great Man Theory The theoretical model of Great Man theory was based on a belief that the leadership is confine only to the aristocratic people that are destined to escort the rest. Formerly the people belonging to upper-class were treated differently and were looked upon by others due to specific qualities they posses or the exceptional standard of living they enjoyed. It was believed that only a limited number of people were uniquely gifted with certain abilities and traits that made it possible for them to become leaders and the rest are meant to follow them (Pratti et al, 2003, p. 32). The most critical element of the Great Man theory was the blind conviction in the leadership of aristocratic people and firmly believing that the traits of leadership can never be inherited, developed, learnt, or acquired (Baldoni, 2005, p. 179), which limited the scope of leadership. The term Great Man itself has a limited scope as the theoretical model is primarily male, military and west oriented. While analysin g the phenomenon of intrinsic supremacy of the Great Man theory, it is indeed true that there are certain men possessing some congenital power to influence over their contemporaries, substantiating their right to leadership however, the concept of limiting the headship to a group of aristocratic is inequitable (Choi 2006, p. 42). If the Great Man model is applied to the contemporary organisational structure, it might produce unconstructive outcomes as the diversification of employees background, languages, skills and individual circumstance has given rise to a much perplexed work environment where aristocratic aspect of Great Man theory would develop pessimism amongst employees. The globalised nature of work environment has developed a breed of employees that are much more aware, educated, skilful and competent (Hamlin 2002). Employees today do not necessarily be content with handsome remuneration package instead they look forward to professional growth and enhanced opportunities. T he Great Man theoretical model does not address the prospects and expectations of existing organisational workforce as it is confined to offer leadership opportunities to aristocratic group of people only. Followed by the Great Man theoretical model which advocates the innate superiority, the exceptional traits, qualities and attributes of the leaders were explored and as a result of which Trait Theory was developed. Trait Theories The Trait Theories were developed with a purpose of determining the core characteristics of leaders that contributed towards organisational success. The theory was put forward with intent to facilitate the organisations in the identification of key traits, qualities and attributes of leaders so that the correct set of people can be recruited and installed into leadership positions of the organisation. There are a number of leadership traits identified by several studies including adaptability, decisiveness, cooperation, dependability, assertiveness, determination, self confidence (Wheatley 2001, p. 92) however, it has been observed that there is no quantifiable means to identify leadership characteristics and there are no consistent set of qualities that might support the concept of a true leader (Baldoni, 2005, p. 212). Human beings have numerous positive and negative traits that are responsible in shaping up the overall personality of an individual. All leaders posses the universal quality to influence others however, the set of fundamental traits that enables them to dominate over their contemporaries might considerably differ (Pratti et al, 2003, p. 37). It has been studied that the generic qualities of a leader such as charismatic personality, sociability and intelligence are not limited to themselves only instead the most commonly held traits of leaders can also be shared by diverse group of people which do not necessarily become leaders. On the other hand, generic traits of the leaders might be similar however, the absence of some of these generic traits do not make them any less leader. There has been somewhat consistency in the generic traits of leaders that may include administrative skills, decisiveness, responsiveness and astuteness which enables them to ensure enhanced organisational productivity. It has been argued that there is the probability of prominent leaders being gifted by few common traits nevertheless; it is nearly impracticable that all leaders pose a collective set of characteristics (Pratti et al, 2003, p. 39) and hence, the Trait Theory failed to sustain its momentum. It is significant to note that, neither the authoritative traits corroborate the position of a leader and nor the position of leadership can be acquired by the identified authoritative characteristics (Gosling and Mintzberg 2003). Behavioural Theories The contradictory nature of the Trait Theories, lead the researchers to focus on the behavioural aspect of organisational leaders and as a result of which the Behavioural Theories were formulated that are primarily based on studying the varying leadership styles. The McGregors X Y Managers Theory has been widely publicised stating that the leaders assumptions about human nature greatly influences the overall organisational leadership stratagem. In accordance with McGregors theoretical model, the theory X managers deem that there is an intrinsic aversion amongst human beings towards obligations and responsibilities which circumvents their desire to work unless persuaded. Theory X managers are required to consistently direct and control their workforce to achieve organisational objectives. On the other hand, theory Y managers believe that correct work atmosphere combined with employees commitment facilitates people in exercising self-direction and self-control that ultimately aid in a ccomplishing the pre-set organisational goals. By analysing the McGregors theoretical model, it can be observed that the theory X mangers support the domineering style whereas; theory Y managers support a participative approach of leadership. The domineering leaders have strict control over their employees characterised by their decisiveness conversely, the participative leaders are much more considerate and are found to behave sympathetically towards the employees and thereby, develop a sense of affiliation and trust (Pratti et al, 2003, p. 40). While contrasting both the leadership behaviours it can be constituted that the autocratic leaders are strict but disciplined which results in obtaining better results in terms of enhanced fiscal growth conversely, the participative leaders are the preferred choice of the employees but the performance margin is considerably reduced due to their considerate behaviour. The Blake and Moutons Managerial Grid is another behavioural theory focuse s on organisational production and employee orientations by analysing the combinations of concerns between the two extremes. Blake and Moutons Managerial Grid measures the leaders concerns for production on horizontal and concerns for people on the vertical axis by identifying the five key leadership styles. By analysing the Blake and Moutons Managerial Grid, it has been observed that the most crucial aspect of leadership behaviour is to value the collaborative approach and teamwork that eventually results in long-term organisational success. Situational Contingency Theories Depending upon the consistently evolving work environment and inconsistent circumstances, it can be constituted that the leadership styles has to be considerably flexible and adaptive in order to address the underlying organisational issues. After identifying the behavioural aspects of leadership it was inevitable to apply them in varying situations to assess their practicability. Fiedlers Contingency Model was put forward with intent to address workplace issues that are highly reliant upon the impinged situational factors explicating that mechanistic organisational environment may progress well with autocratic leadership style whereas a participative approach is suited to a dynamic work environment having a flexible approach (Heslin, VandeWalle, Latham 2006, p. 882). Fiedler Contingency Model categorised managers in two distinct groups i.e. task and relationship oriented and environment as favourable or unfavourable. This model enables the leaders to manipulate the environmental var iables to match their leadership styles. In accordance with the contingency model the relationship and power positioning of a leader with its team members greatly influences the task structure (Baum and Locke 2004, p. 587) and it has been observed that the favourable work environment characterised by constructive leader-member relationship tends to yield a high task structure where a leader has the power to appreciate or penalize its employees with absolute authority and vice versa. Both the task motivated and relationship motivated leadership styles comes with their relative set of pros and cons as the task-motivated leaders can gain fiscal growth by outperforming the key competitors (Kaplan and Norton 2004, p. 42) whereas, the relationship motivated leaders gain customer satisfaction which establishes the positive image of the organisation which fairly contributes in attaining long-term organisational success. The theoretical grounds of Hersey-Blanchard Model of Leadership are bas ed on assessing the developmental capacity of employees which tends to determine the suitability of a leadership style in a specific situation. The theory is based on the combination of task behaviour and relationship behaviour of a leader depending upon the maturity of its subordinates within a workplace setting. With respect to the situational variables of subordinates maturity levels, the leadership style have been categorised into four kinds out of which two major leadership styles including directive behaviour and supportive behaviours are deemed as the most significant (Perren and Burgoyne 2001). In directive behaviour category the leaders adopt a one-way communication strategy where leaders decide, communicate, direct and closely monitor the performance of the subordinates to achieve the core organisational objectives (Balain, and Sparrow 2009, p. 229). On the other hand, the supportive behaviour of a leader is two-way communication process in which leaders adopt a flexible a pproach by engaging the subordinates in the decision making process, listen to their views, offer support and encourage their contributions in task performance. The most significant aspect of Hersey-Blanchard Model is that, it provides a multi-purpose approach by allowing the leaders to assess the maturity level of their subordinates and thereby, adjust their behaviours accordingly. The theory emphasises on enhancing the maturity level of subordinates by effective coaching techniques, increased support and motivational schemes so that the burden on leadership can be fine-tuned as per the developmental capacity of the employees which not only benefits the leaders but is equally favourable to the organisation in longer run. The Tannenbaum Schmidts Continuum model is an extension of contingency theories suggesting that there are four main leadership behaviours varies along a continuum including autocratic or telling style, persuasive or selling style, consultative or consulting style and democratic or joining style. The continuum model has distinguished the leadership styles and applied them to specified situations as for example telling style is most suited to mature team in an emergency situation, the selling style is applicable to an aggressive work setting where leader is decisive however the enthusiastic participation of the subordinates is equally valued. The consulting and joining leadership is complimentary to somewhat similar situation where collective decision making by both the leaders and subordinates result in enhanced productivity of the organisation (Heslin, VandeWalle, Latham 2006, p. 886). Another significant situational or contingency model is the Adairs Action-Centred leadership which is characterised by a three circle diagram. The situational and contingent elements determine the responsiveness of leader to address the organisational issues and achieve the desired goals. Leaders and Followers Previously the concept of leadership was confined to idealise the solo frontal figures that contributes in achieving organisational objectives. The theories of Leaders and Followers are intended to highlight the interdependency of leaders and their subordinates and reflect the significance of collaborative work environment. The theory of Servant Leadership determines the individual perception to serve first and then lead by encouraging teamwork, prescience and trust within the organisational structure by empowering all and treating them with fairness. Team Leadership is another theoretical approach that is put forward by Meredith Belbin emphasising on the balanced team efforts by proposing a network of individuals working together for a common organisational goal having both individual strengths and weaknesses. Team work is most suited to the complex structure of globalised work environment as the leaders are less interfering and believe in engaging their subordinates as actively par ticipating members of the organisation (Goleman, McKee and Boyatzis 2002, p. 22). The volatile organisational structure of today requires concerted working relationships due to its diverse nature and the leadership style that promotes employees development offers a holistic approach where problem solving and decisiveness of a leader is complimented and supported by the entire team. In addition to this, James MacGregor Burns came up with the Transactional and Transformational Leadership Model which is which enables to develop an understanding of monetary and ethical needs of organisation followed by a leader. The transactional leadership is based on business perspective by relying on short term fiscal benefits to maximise organisational efficiency. The transactional leadership focuses on tactical issues and is hard data orientation by supporting the entrenched structure and systems and is predominantly occupied by power, politics and perks (Baum and Locke 2004, p. 589). On the other hand, the foundation of transformational leadership is has high moral and ethical grounds based on pre-defined purposes. The significance of transformational leadership is the diffusion of duties and responsibilities amongst the team to acquire meaningful and challenging job roles for the subordinates in order to develop a sense of self-worth by acknowledging the human potential (Drach-Zahavy and Erez 2002, p. 668). Transformational leaders work towards acquiring long-term organisational success by prudently aligning the internal structure and systems without comprising the core values and principles. Dispersed Leadership It is an informal leadership style that is significantly dissociated with the organisational hierarchal model. The Dispersed Leadership model is the most contemporary theoretical model which encourages the all individuals within an organisation to contribute their leadership skills without any limitations of hierarchy and positively influence their colleagues to maximise organisational productivity. It has been studied that, by developing leaderful culture and work environment by the help of synchronized, cooperative and empathetic leadership model (Raelin 2003, p. 62), the organisations can become more progressive as the responsibility and commitment of a leader can be extensively entrenched throughout the entire organisation without the limitations imposed by formal chain of commands. The relationship and social behaviour of an individual determines its leadership qualities and the intrinsic characteristics and traits of a leader have the power to influence other by producing follo wers (James and Burgoyne 2001). Hence, the phenomenon of dispersed leadership i.e. encouraging the development of leaders amongst the small groups of same ideologies may also benefit the organisation by the prelude of a modern work environment having shared set of responsibilities. ASSESSING THE LINKAGE BETWEEN LEADERSHIP EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Leaders are expected to generate enthusiasm within their subordinates to maximise their efficiencies and are far-sighted to develop effectual strategies to overcome the obstacles that may hinder in smooth progression of the organisation. The most highly equipped organisational leaders utilise useful tools of communication, problem solving, people management, decision making and motivation to develop a strong bond with their team members and gain their trust to extort utmost output of their organisational performances (James and Burgoyne 2001). Suited to the diverse range of situations and contexts, the organisations put forward effective leadership styles in order to develop affiliations with their employees by exhibiting incredible drive and enthusiasm in order to achieve the desired goals. To acquire the desired results by the enhanced efficiency of their subordinates, leaders are required to stimulate them with the help of numerous motivational tools including incentives, growth o pportunities and rewards (Rodgers, Frearson, Holden and Gold 2003). Leadership theories combined with correct motivational strategies tends to deliver enhanced organisational productivity. Leaders are therefore anticipated to understand the human psychology as the organisational performances are greatly influenced by the psychosocial objectives of an individual (Heslin, VandeWalle, Latham 2006, p. 882). It is extremely significant to acknowledge the substance of human needs while developing organisational objectives as the labour force of the organisation is predominantly humans that are engaged in specific job roles to fulfil their basic needs. Apart from monetary benefits, an individual may also have varying psycho-social needs that develops an individual personality based on a personal belief system (Raelin 2003, p. 65). An organisation can successfully develop a high-performing workforce by addressing the psycho-social needs of its employees through monetary and symbolic rewards that tends to enhance a sense of self-worth and thereby contribute in acquiring the desired organisational goals (Renn 2003, p. 572). Considering the primary human needs and psychosocial necessitates, smart leaders develop effectual strategies to motivate their subordinates by unswervingly stimulating the correct individual motives (Wegge and Haslam 2005, p. 404). The employees of today have tremendously grown in terms of educational qualifications and thrive on knowledge based work environments where they expect to receive the due respect to their ideologies and acknowledgement of their contributions and efforts benefiting the organisation. Leaders are the primary and the most vital connecting point of the workforce with the organisation that enables the workforce to express their views with complete freedom and recognise their organisational contributions Goleman, McKee and Boyatzis 2002, p. 22). The previous methods of managing subordinates through leaders have been replaced by the contemporary techniques of employing personnel-centric strategies within the organisation in order to exceedingly motivate employees to gain competitive advantage in the market. Managers are required to motivate the employees and attain their utmost loyalty and devotion by inspiring them through effective leadership styles. The democratic nature of contemporary organisation supports the idea of empowering their employees and the leaders are now anticipated to produce their followers by adopting a flexible approach and widely accepted leadership style. Today, the products and services offered by the organisations are not the only means to compete in the market but the power of an organisation to retain a highly competitive, loyal and productive workforce determine their market supremacy (Drach-Zahavy and Erez 2002, p. 669). The linkage between true leadership and motivational strategies has been greatly emphasised by the organisations and it has been observed that leaders with their motivational stratagem play an integral role in maximising organisational productivity. The autocratic leadership styles followed by strictly hierarchal organisational structures have been subsided in the contemporary globalised work environment where employees prefer a democratic leadership that is meant to respect their psy cho-social objectives and is fair towards acknowledging their individual contributions in the overall organisational success. It has been identified that the contemporary workforce appreciates leaders that are persuasive and not coercive. Employees have now become more inclined towards professional pragmatism and challenging job roles rather than restricting their growth opportunities to short-term benefits like status and position (Goleman, McKee and Boyatzis 2002, p. 39). Therefore, organisations have also recognised the strong bond between effective leadership and motivational strategies and have put forward their enigmatic leaders that are willing to acclimatize their leadership skills in order to address the psycho-social needs of todays workforce. The long-term organisational success is highly reliant upon its progressive and devoted workforce (Hamlin 2002) that can be achieved by integrating the right set of motivational strategies through the most appropriate leadership styl es. Organisations prudently choose the appropriate leaders that have sufficient proclivity of analysing the core psycho-social needs of the employees and correct knowledge about the organisational environment (Wegge and Haslam 2005, p. 401). The intensity of leaders receptiveness to appropriately retort towards the consistently evolving situations together with their ability to address the unprecedented expectations of employees, ascertains the long-term organisational success. CONCLUSION (250) Peoples attitudes towards their employment have been considerably altered due to a shift from manual to knowledge based work environment in the contemporary globalised organisational structure. The fast-paced work environment combined with highly responsive employees behaviour has enhanced living standards and employees expectations and therefore, effectual and integrated leadership has become indispensible to motivate the organisational workforce of today. Depending upon varying situations, organisations position their best leaders that are required to motivate their subordinates through the most suitable leadership techniques in order to preserve the loyalty and commitment of the employees towards achieving maximum organisational productivity. To conclude, there is a strong relationship between effective leadership and employee motivational strategies that not only generate fiscal benefits by enhanced organisational productivity but also contribute in accomplishing long-term organi sational success.

Informations Management

Systems and Management Contents Executive Summary The reports sets about assessing HA Loge's current business operation both in the UK and India, this done by utilizing three analysis tools, SOOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porters Fiver Forces analysis. From the SOOT analysis the reports highlights several key points, which includes the potential of overseas sales in emerging economies and the benefits of having manufacturing faculties in India.The lack of developed e-commerce and the poor utilization of information technology advances have been highlighted as one of the biggest weakness of HA Loge's. The PESTLE analysis has shown that while traditional consumer (local councils) have less money to spend and sales may decline In the short term, the opportunities from a new ‘Affluent Achievers' market holds great promise. The desire for going ‘green' In both social attitudes and wider environmental laws is also an opportunity that can be exploited for HA Loge's gains.Por ters Five Forces has highlighted that threat of new entrants is high because the Entry barrier is high as many competitors try to earn market share in the business of street furniture. The bargaining power of buyers mains high due to councils trying to get the lowest price possible and high number companies who are sharing / or trying to enter the same market. Threat of substitute products remains low because of the high saturation of competitors producing similar products. Bargaining power of suppliers is also low thanks to the adduce of manufacturers offering highly competitive prices and low specialization within the market.A new IT portfolio has also been recommend for HA Loge's to implement, this includes a complete overhaul of the current ageing IT systems and new website as long as an active social media engagement. A new ERP is vital for HA Loge's future and it has been recommended that SAP be implemented across the company and a new website that will help increase sale with in the ‘Affluent Achievers' market. The risks of implementing such changes has also been factored in and explored in details, with the potential of possible issues occurring, such as staff training and skills.The effect that the new portfolio will have on both the suppliers and customers of HA Loge's has also been explored and in conjunction with the implementation timeshare, has highlighted the need for a well organized and structured phasing to the new systems. The recommendation is that HA Loge's take a multi phased approach to implementing the new systems that includes a pre-stage of evaluation of staff and their ability to use the new systems and a comprehensive training program .This will be followed by a trial run of the new systems, a soft and partial changeover and then finally a complete switch to the new system, whilst keeping the old systems for 2-3 months as a backup. Following the situational analysis of HA Loge's current business and the assessment of its IT req uirements, our recommendations on what HA Loge's requires for the future will allow it to succeed ND grow into new markets and remain profitable for the following years. 1 . Situational Analysis and Strategic Direction 1. 1 . SOOT Analysts 1. . 1 Strengths As it can be seen from the above table, H. A Logon & Sons, are in an advantageous situation compared to other companies, especially in the United Kingdom. The fact that the company was established since 1952 and has shown stability economically through time allows the opportunity to create a very strong and powerful name. The brand potential can allow immediate expansion and takeover of the U. K market rely due to its relationship with the local councils and the existing top of quality product range they have.The market is growing and the low competition may allow the company to become market leaders. The Polls group have conducted a market analysis which shows that a lot of the street furniture companies are under immediate dange r (Pillions, 2014). The possession of the Indian factory reduces the cost and provides a better advantage on the pricing of the products since they can be offered at lower prices. The weaknesses described in the SOOT analysis can be fully exploited and used to the company's advantage.The creation of a website and use of social networking will allow easier market penetration and provide easier and cost effective means to reach the target segmentations. It is however noteworthy that the relationship between the H. Q. In India and U. K should be worked on, as this can be beneficial to the client. Better organizational behavior would effectively mean a better working environment and consequently more efficient production. The operations management could be well benefited from such a change. . 1. 3 Opportunities The opportunities created since the budget for immediate reformation came into existence are extensive in various directions. By creating a patriotic slogan, it will enable the e nhancement of the company's image, thus gaining an advantage over other competitors, especially since the major clients of the investigating market are the councils. One can argue that here is no better way to spend the tax payer's money to a native company with a lot of history of consistent quality and relations.The Lugubrious University can be funded in PhD to offer extensive research on LED Lighting. Especially since LED lighting market is about to increase by 20% McKinney&Company, 2012) and surpass 20 billion USED by 2020 (Technology, 2014). Biding may be done in the Chinese projects ready to be released in 2017. This is due to the fact that the Chinese government had a problem with the already installed LED Lighting and are expected to replace the lighting introduced. 0-15 to street lighting companies will be able to bid on the project (Magazine, 2007-2014). There is the chance to enter the Chinese market with an upgraded and more professional image. A more environmental frien dly approach will attract attention. 1. 1. 4 Threats Even though threats may not be originated from the immediate environment, a company that is trying to expand globally needs to evaluate any potential threat worldwide. The growing expertise of U. S and China on LED lighting may be proven difficult to reach.However with effective research, the knowledge can be obtained and surpass the existing threats. There is growing competition in the Far East and these companies may be favored and correctly encountered. In conclusion, H. A Logon & Sons can expand in other markets such as the Chinese market. They can reach the market segmentation ‘affluent achievers' through proper marketing and anally they can even expand in the direction of street advertising with minimum costs but great profits.This can be achieved because street furniture is already sold in the local councils. Advertising is a very powerful tool for expansion as it can provide instant change in profits and promotion of the company. This idea is already exploited by Caduceus, a French company Caduceus, 2014) and the market is suspected to reach 35. 5 billion USED by 2016 (Edition, 2014). Key factors for this increase are arbitration, meliorating global economy and digital out of home advertising. 1. 2. PESTLE AnalysisTechnological Technological Improvements Company's spending on R (PhD) Access to newest technology Social Media (development & Usage) Socio-cultural Educational Level CEO – friendly habits Turning into Charity Organizations 0 Corporate Social Responsibility (Eunice or other corporations) New market Different culture organizational Culture (India Manufacture) Population growth Attitudes towards saving and investing ‘Affluent Achievers' Attitudes towards product quality and customer service Political Government regulations Economic policies Tax policy Trade restrictions Economic Inflation rateI-J is growing economically so more spending to normal products. (Business Economi cs) China ready to offer projects (LED lights? ) Exchange rates (entering global market) Fiscal policies (India) Growth rates Labor cost minimized Trade flows and patterns (PhD) Environmental Recycling Waste management Attitude toward ‘green' or ecological products Legal Law that affects the business environment in Asia Vs. law in the UK Industry specific regulations e-commerce From deducting a PESTLE analysis three major points can be derived and should be exploited. Firstly, countries nowadays are trying to be as CEO-friendly as possible.The CEO-friendly awareness is increasingly more popular, therefore the company should follow an environmental approach. By producing street furniture or more products in particular street lighting that indeed are environmental friendly, the company can attract buyers. Entering an CEO-friendly mode will show sensitivity company. Thus the councils will be more attracted to the company's products since they will benefit from the CEO-friendly ap proach. Secondly, the current recession is fading away and the coming years will be marked with an economic boom since England is recovering effectively from the economic crisis (Oxalate, 2013).The increase in income will provide increase in demand as there is a positive relationship between the two variables. This would inevitably mean that the market of the ‘affluent achievers' will also increase and this is the market that Loge's should concentrate on. A report by the ALGA shows that between 2011 and 201 5 spending cuts will amount to 33% in real terms. It is clear to see that the previous strong consumer base in local councils may falter and as a source of revenue may not be growing, least not in the short term. Therefore Loge's should be more aggressive with contract bidding.This also leads to a secondary point that out cash flow in the short term maybe less and more opportunities must be sought out, as well as a better financing (Association, 2013). Thirdly, political fa ctors are defined as political issues which can occur in the company, in the areas where the company is operating, both nationwide and worldwide. The effect on business and legislation can be done by political changes and globalization. Government regulations, tax policy and trade restrictions are the main factors that should be taken into notice.Finally, technology is rapidly developing, especially in countries as USA and China hat are more advanced in markets of LED lighting or even street advertising. By investing in technology and creating Research and Development support teams, the company may expertise in LED Lighting sector and can increase its product range such as including interactive panels, which allow advertising to occur. The company may not be directly involved with the advertising but they can actually sell or rent the panels to the local councils.The councils can choose whether to advertise events or other companies for personal profit. The PESTLE analysis did not r aise any flags to any legal concerns or any other matter of the type. 1. 3. Porter five forces The threat of new entrants is high. The company is a market leader in I-J and competitors abroad, bigger companies that have better technological equipment and are trying to earn market share in the business of street furniture. They also have better relationships with councils abroad, since Loge's company has relationships mainly in UK and isn't established long enough abroad.Furthermore, these companies can take advantage of their bigger brand awareness and make agreements more easily than Lagan's company. However, Supply -Side economies of scale are exploited for Loge's since they own their supply factory. This spreads the fixed costs over more units. This deters entry by forcing the ‘aspired entrant' to come in the industry on a large scale production or accept a cost disadvantage. Finally incumbency advantages are independent of size. This effectively means that H. A. Loge's are not easily threatened by potential entrants due to their geographic location Cobber, 2010).The bargaining power of suppliers is low. The company has the opportunity to collaborate with many manufacturers as suppliers, which allows the company to easily make an agreement with another supplier. There is sufficiency f raw materials, which doesn't allow suppliers to have monopoly on them. Bulk buying can be used and this will result in having discount in price during purchasing. The bargaining power of buyers is high due to the large volume of business agreements between the company and the councils for a wide range of products. Failing at the negotiations with the councils can result in losing a wide range of business projects.Their high power gives them the allowance to force down prices and the Loge's company shall accept it since there is the threat of their competitors. The threat of substitute products is low. All companies in the street furniture business manufacture almost the same products and there are no known substitutes. LED lights and panels could be characterized as substitute products, but there aren't brought in the East Midlands market yet (assumption). In the case that the substitutes are considered high, Loge's should distance itself from substitutes through product performance and marketing.The threat of intense segment rivalry is high. In UK during the last years many companies were obliged to exit the street furniture market because of the economic crisis. The companies that survived Loge's company), managed to dominate in the I-J market, but as it seems lately there is an increasing number of big companies from abroad that are trying to enter and invest in this market. â€Å"Rivalry is especially destructive to profitability if it gravitates solely to price because price competition transfers profits directly from an industry to its customers†.The new market of ‘affluent achievers' will likely draw new entrants due to the chan ce of exploitation. Care should be considered to avoid the above statement. Although H. A Loge's will be the first to enter they should do so in a manner that will allow them to establish their network with brand recognition, excellence in customer service and price stability (E. Porter, 2008). 2. Metrics,'Kip At H Logan, attention has always been paid mostly to their financial metrics as opposed to the inputs that drive the numbers.In this section, other possible performance metrics will be discussed according to the new proposed strategy plan. Financial metrics are like descriptive statistics and says something unique about a characteristic of the whole body of data that might not be obvious from merely reviewing individual finance figures (Tax, 2009). Firms and management require an objective way to measure performance so more often than not, it's easier to go straight into the result and forgetting to measure also what led to those results.Financial metrics are useful but should n't be used on its own because financial performance is a result or consequence of something else (Tax, 2009). Operating metrics are the inputs that correlate or drive the desired outcome, if more attention is paid to the operating metrics then financial outputs wouldn't be a big issue for the organization. Examples of these operating metrics include customer satisfaction, customer repetition, customer referral rate, quality of product etc. This is the aspect of metrics this report will focus on (Tax, 2009). 2. 1 . New Proposed Strategy for H.Logan More friendly environmental products(CEO-friendly products) Exploitation of the ‘Affluent Achievers' market Investment in research and development team Extension/Reduction in product line Adequate HER staff to deal with staff issues/concerns especially the issue between the Indian office and the WHQL Set clear goals and objectives Encourage customer and staff feedback Possible reduction in staff from both branches(the I-J and India) and training the Taft removed from the office to become call centre staff where they can deal with customer enquiries, queries, complaints and orders (e-commerce) Provision of services, e. . Offering delivery and installation services etc. Website, proper marketing strategy Introduction of new IT software (SAP software) 2. 2. Potential New Metrics for H. Logan Metrics are used for a variety of reasons. Metrics such as market share, sales increases, margins, and customer satisfaction surveys enable firms to take stock of where they are now and where they want to be in the future (Houses & Katz, 1998). Hauser and Katz, 1998 suggest that every metric will affect actions and decisions whether used mainly to influence behavior, to evaluate future strategies, or to take stock.An ideal metrics system should be tied to overall profit, apply to all employees and be designed to encourage extra effort, however if stretched to the limit can result in counter-productive actions. Relating these metrics back to H. Logan, below is an ideal list of what metrics should be measured in their company. Measurement of how their products and services are perceived in the market- this an be done by market research to determine if people view their products as high end luxury or affordable but quality products etc.Measure how much these ‘affluent achievers' are willing to spend on lighting and how often they purchase household goods. Organization views it as well. Find out what the customers want- by measuring how often they repeat orders, refer the organization's products to their friends and family, or how often they cancel orders, and how many customers never return to H. Logan to buy goods. The Voice of the Employee- this can be measured by finding out what the employees ant, what they value. This can lead to enabling employees make decisions and take actions that they know are going to be necessary to achieve their metrics-based goals.A balanced score card system will be im plemented in the next part to get fair balance of the new metrics to be measured. 2. 3. Balanced Scorecard A balanced scorecard is a strategic management system used to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals (Kaplan & Norton, 2007). The balanced scorecard is a management system that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into action.It provides feedback around both the internal business processes and external outcomes in order to continuously improve strategic performance and results. When fully deployed, the balanced scorecard transforms strategic planning from an academic exercise into the nerve centre of an enterprise. The balanced scorecard suggests that we view the organization from four perspectives, and to develop metrics, collect data and analyze it relative to each of these perspectives which inc lude: The learning and growth perspective- This entails employee training and corporate cultural attitudes related to both individual and corporate self- improvement.It is the most essential foundation for the success of any organization. The business process perspective- this allows the managers to know how well their business is performing and if it matches their customer requirements. This system should be implemented by those who know the system inside and out. The customer perspective-customer focus and perspective is important in any organization and most organizations are beginning to realize the importance of their customers. If customers aren't satisfied, it is likely that they will find those suppliers/ organizations that satisfy them.So measuring what customers want and like the type of customers they are and the processes that need to be followed is essential. The financial perspective- this is the traditional way of measuring metrics but still useful in measuring the ad ditional financial-related data, such as risk assessment The learning and Growth perspective The business process Perspective The customer The financial goals. Measurement of how much the ‘affluent achievers' are willing to spend on lighting ND how often they purchase household goods.Measurement of how their products and services are perceived in the market place by carrying out a market research to determine if people view their products as high-end luxury or affordable but quality products etc. Do the consumers view the products ‘attributes as the same attributes the organization views it as well. Find out what the customers want by measuring how often they repeat orders, refer the organization's products to their friends and family, or how often they cancel orders, and how many customers never return to H.A. Loge's to buy goods. How much is available to spend on the new strategy and development. If there isn't adequate funding, how will the organization source for fun ds. How much profitability lies in the development of the new developments/ strategy/plan. Measurement of how much the new systems will cost and how to priorities the funding of the new system. Measurement of the cost of training staff, R costs and risk assessment. Measurement of the cost of marketing and developing new website. . Portfolio of Systems 3. 1 . Portfolio Enterprise Resource Planning can be crucial to a business, especially one as out- dated as this. As in any other business, processes essential to its success include inventory and order management, accounting, human resources and customer relationship management. At its most basic level ERP Software ‘integrates these various functions into one complete system to streamline the process and information across the entire organization' (Devonshire, 2014).First and foremost the company needs to invest in the current website as it is over 10 years old. In today's technological age, online content is more vital than eve r so as not to fall behind. The Internet is the way most potential customers will search for H. A Logon & sons and if market emphasizes their greater need to invest in this part of the business. Loge's finds itself under intensive pressure from new competition abroad, so they must have some sort of product differentiation to really show prospective customers what they are all about.They should also look to add a separate section to the website specifically for the home solutions potential market. They are what kept the business going when their competitors disappeared and it fits in very well with the strategy to exploit the ‘Affluent Achievers' market. This is a new market opportunity and one that must be seized so H. A Logon & sons can progress to the next level. Due to the cost and long-term maintenance of the website, it would be appropriate to outsource the website production and maintenance too professional company.The company will also need to invest in new IT systems b ecause what exists has been running for over 35 years and has become increasingly unstable. It is important to realize that ‘an ERP system that is not the right fit tends to weigh down the entire organization' (lyre, 2012), this is why we have taken special care in narrowing down possible systems the company could use such as Oracle, Sage and SAP. Oracle represents more of an integrated system, while Sage pride themselves on the ease of use but the most suitable system for H. A Logon & Sons is the ‘SAP business objects solutions' system.This we believe brings a far more holistic process to the table and helps solve some of the problems they have now and reduce the overall cost that comes with implementation. SAGE and Oracle might be better at certain aspects but the SAP system is more consistent across the board as the feature analysis (table 1 below) depicts. ‘The evaluation of the ERP process must consider usability as a critical success factor' (lyre, 2012) and this is what the SAP system ensures. It provides an intuitive means to unify the information that business users need for their daily activities.It eliminates the need to access multiple applications, providing relevant information form a central location'. This as we can see will already eliminate the problem the company has had over the years where they have to input the same data several times because some systems aren't integrated. It comes with ‘Large Scale information distribution', which is very useful as the company has bases in both England and India. This helps because the platform supports distribution of content o up to 1 million recipients and allows the workers have all they need available to them.The most important integration this system brings is helping the company make decisions based on the whole picture. As mentioned earlier, ERP integrates many aspects such as HER, operations etc. The problem with this is that we tend to gain individual views based on the se aspects but the SAP system gives a ‘unified view of the businesses and enables its users to gain fresh new perspectives. Using the Package approach is beneficial as it's cheaper and can be tailored to the needs of the company. Weightings SAP SAGE Oracle